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By Ben Bussey

Good grief, Brutal As Hell is two days shy of its sixth birthday. You’d think these end of year review things would have gotten easier by now, but I’m not sure they ever will. There will always be some notable movies that the writer didn’t see (this year, I’ve missed Only Lovers Left Alive, The Babadook, In Fear and The Guest, to name but a few); and there will always be films listed which, in years ahead, the writer will question having once held in such high regard (revisiting my first end of year review from 2010, there are only a few titles I’ve had any desire to watch again*).  But hey, enough of this obligatory disclaimer. For better or worse, these are – in roughly preferential order, but let’s not get too strict about that – the films I’ve been most impressed with, or at least most enjoyed, and above all the ones I suspect will most likely stay with me from 2014.

10. Tusk

I ummed and ahhed so much over this one, I started to sound like Wallace’s ringtone (sorry, you probably need to see the movie to get that one – or watch this video at least). Kevin Smith’s attempt at bizarro horror is not a great film by any means; indeed, I’m not sure whether I’d even say I like it as such. But if we’re talking memorable horror movies of 2014, there’s not a doubt in my mind that this will be one of the films that always comes up. For better or worse, it does get under your skin, and manages to blend horror and humour to surprisingly unsettling affect at times. Keri and I debated its merits after its screening at Abertoir 2014 – read that here.

9. Wakey Wakey

From one of the most discussed movies of 2014 to one of the least discussed… and worse yet, it’s not even a 2014 production, nor did it get widespread distribution this year.  Nonetheless, Australian writer-director Adrian Goodman’s microbudget debut feature was another of the most unique and memorable movies I’ve seen this year, strikingly surreal and surprisingly sexy. Still popping up at film festivals around the world, Wakey Wakey isn’t the easiest film to find just yet, but I can only hope it becomes more widely accessible in 2015. Check out my review.

8. Starry Eyes

Surrealism and sexiness are also brought to the table in Kevin Kolsch and Dennis Widmyer’s festival hit – but there’s a lot more old school horror thrown into the mix on this one. While I still feel it loses its way in the final act, there’s no denying the power of its nightmarish atmosphere and stellar performances, lead actress Alex Essoe in particular, and the film’s core theme – the desire for fame and glory, and the price that must be paid for them –  resonates deeply in these often shallow, celebrity-obsessed times we live in. Here’s my review from Celluloid Screams 2014.

7. Faults

There would seem to be a bit of a pattern emerging here: it’s another unconventional genre-bender with surreal overtones, and perhaps the single sexiest line of dialogue uttered on screen in 2014. Riley Stearns’ debut feature takes an unexpected approach with the intriguing subject matter of religious cultism and ‘deprogramming,’ but lingers in the memory thanks to the tremendous performances of Mary Elizabeth Winstead and Leland Orser. My review from Abertoir 2014.

6. Godzilla

Okay, now we’re mixing things up a bit. Much as Keri said when listing this in her 2014 top 10, I’m rather taken aback by how much Gareth Edwards’ revival of the King of the Monsters has divided opinion, as to my mind it beautifully captures the spirit of the Toho movies whilst making it just Hollywood enough to please western cinemagoers. Okay, so perhaps it leaves us waiting a bit for the monster-on-monster action, but a) name a Toho movie in which that isn’t the case, and b) you can’t tell me those monster fights aren’t worth the wait. Here’s my review.

5. Murderdrome

I haven’t seen Australian writer-director Daniel Armstrong’s roller derby slasher movie pop up in any other end-of-year lists just yet, and I can’t pretend I’m too surprised by that; it’s a cheap-looking, intellectually-challenged B-movie and no mistake. But what can I say? It’s great fun. While it may seem most likely to appeal to those already into roller derby, Murderdrome still has plenty to offer to a wider audience with its infectious energy and loud, colourful aesthetic. Here’s my review (in conjunction with York Minxters Roller Derby), and subsequent interview with Daniel Armstrong.

4. Oculus

A late entry for me as, I didn’t get to catch it on its cinema release – where it was sadly sold as just another Paranormal Activity type. Sure, Mike Flanagan’s mainstream breakthrough is based in large part around a paranormal investigation, exploring the science and the arguments for and against such phenomena in a really compelling manner – but at heart it’s an intensely personal and emotional account of two traumatised siblings trying to find peace with the very real horrors of their past. A great step forward for the Absentia director, and I look forward to his next movie Somnia in 2015. Here’s Steph’s review.

3. Gun Woman

Straight back to the other side of the spectrum we go, with Kurando Mitsutake’s outrageously excessive and nasty old school action thriller which just might have given J-sploitation queen Asami her most iconic role yet (and, fingers crossed, may well launch a series). Drenched in splatter and nudity and morally questionable at pretty much every turn, Gun Woman is a glorious throwback to the days of bona fide exploitation, and refreshingly low on the ironic trappings that so often bog down contemporary grindhouse. Here’s my review.

2. Under the Skin

Where to begin on this one? On first viewing, I walked out unsure as to whether or not I had actually enjoyed it, and all these months later I find myself doubting it’s one I’ll be revisiting all that often – but even so, I’d be remiss not to give Jonathan Glazer’s film the credit it deserves for being one of the boldest films of 2014. It’s easy to focus on the sensationalist elements – the nudity of Scarlett Johansson, and the uncensored sight of multiple erect penises – but Under the Skin really stays with you for its striking blend of fly-on-the-wall naturalism and dreamlike surrealism, giving us one of the most captivating representations of an outsider that we’ve seen on film for some time. Another one which Keri and I debated on release, which you can read here.

1. The Demon’s Rook

Yes, in a line-up mostly consisting of films which do their utmost to avoid genre classification (many of which could quite reasonably be argued are not really horror at all), it’s the film which most wholeheartedly embraces the classic tropes of supernatural horror that winds up my absolute favourite of the year. Indeed, I knew almost immediately that The Demon’s Rook was going to be my top pick of 2014 (though it was actually in made in 2013, just making it to VOD in the US this year). There can certainly be nits picked about the story and the structure, but James Sizemore’s film easily circumvents such anxieties through its verve, style, and above all its glorious practical make-up creations – and happily, February 2015 will see the film released to DVD at last. Here’s my review, and interview with James Sizemore.

Honorable mentions: Spring, All Cheerleaders Die, Escape From Tomorrow, Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, Stalled, and Video Nasties: Draconian Days. And given that Nia was happy to break with site convention and list Captain America: the Winter Soldier in her top 10, I should have no qualms about mentioning how much I adored The Lego Movie and Guardians of the Galaxy.

Now to be just a little bit more controversial…

Most Overrated – The Raid 2

Was it really just me? Did no-one else find the sequel to Gareth Evans’ breathtaking 2012 breakthrough to be stodgy, overlong, self-important, implausible, a betrayal of the original film, and above all downright tedious? It’s rare that I find myself so thoroughly flying in the face of popular opinion, but while most reviews were hailing The Raid 2 as an instant classic, I was scratching my head wondering what the hell I was missing. Torn awkwardly between being a follow-up to an indisputable action masterpiece and an Infernal Affairs/Donnie Brasco-esque undercover cop crime drama, and it wound up utterly unsatisfactory in both regards, and bogged down with a smug sense of its own worth throughout. Sure, the action scenes were brilliantly realised, but they weren’t in any way natural to the story, which could never be said of the first film. A monumental disappointment, even if only to me.

Also overrated: Almost Human, Wolfcop

Here’s where I’d usually name and shame the crappiest film of the year, but scrolling back over 2014’s DVD releases, I struggle to name any one particular film that clearly belongs at the bottom of the pile – though there are clear contenders in Varsity Blood, Bloody Homecoming, Frost, and others I’ve been fortunate enough to miss (Keri speaks so highly of Muirhouse, for instance…)

However – it does strike me that one particular person has had a notably naff year work-wise…

Crappiest 2014 – Danielle Harris

Please don’t misunderstand me; I have nothing against the well-loved Ms Harris whatsoever. She’s pretty much horror royalty now, and I respect that. She also seems to do the classic horror actor thing of happily taking on just about anything she gets offered without discriminating, and I can certainly respect that too. But damn it all, look at what she was in which made it to DVD this year: See No Evil 2, the hugely disappointing and generic third film from Jen and Sylvia Soska; Hatchet 3, the predictably bland, repetitive and painfully unfunny continuation of a series that just needs to end; and Camp Dread, one of the most instantly forgettable bargain basement slashers to spill out into the direct-to-DVD market all year. No, I don’t think any of this will hurt Harris’ career at all; she’s established enough to plough on through regardless. But she deserves better – and frankly, we deserve better from her. I really hope 2015 will see her take on a role or two that actually stretches her a bit and lifts her up to a higher level, which we can safely say none of the aforementioned films came close to doing.

So, I think that’s enough of my blathering on for now. I do hope you’ll join us once again for a great deal more horror/cult movie-related blatherings in 2015 here at Brutal As Hell.

* And just in case you’re interested, here are my end of year reviews from 2011, 2012 and 2013 for reference.

By Svetlana Fedotov

Disney has always been a solid go-to for feel-good times and sing-a-longs about ice and snow and love or some junk. Bright-eyed princesses solving all the world’s problems with equally bright-eyed forest creatures skipping around their toes like the black plague of happiness has made the animation giant its own world power, with theme parks and merchandise stores dotting the global landscape as far as the eye can see. But despite its overwhelming success, even the Magic Kingdom has more than a couple of movies that disappeared into obscurity as soon as they hit the market, of which the most famous (or infamous) is The Black Cauldron. Squished between the super bummer of Fox and the Hound and the high-spirited adventures of The Great Mouse Detective, the 1985 movie was considered a box office flop thanks to its dark-hearted nature and a down-right terrifying villain, netting it a PG rating to the horror of parents everywhere. Yet now, almost thirty years later, perhaps it’s time to revisit this forgotten classic and see why a whole generation of kids have repressed ever experiencing it.

For those who haven’t seen it, the movie revolves around the rare male lead named Taran, a young assistant pig keeper who lives with a wizard and dreams of being a knight. Unbeknownst to him, the pig he has been watching is a very special creature, one capable of seeing the future – and she has seen a future most grim. The Horned King has risen once again and is searching the land for the Black Cauldron, a magical item that can create an unlimited army of soldiers, also known as the Cauldron Born. Entrusted with the pig’s safety, Taran is forced to flee his cottage and embarks on a hero’s journey full of strange creatures, beautiful and headstrong princesses, and the most devious of witches. Along the way, Taran must truly examine his worth as a soldier and how much he is willing to sacrifice for those worth saving.

As stated, one of the most glaring differences between the Black Cauldron and other Disney films is the overall dark and mostly serious atmosphere of the movie. There are no musical numbers, no bright color palate, but a high fantasy look popular for the Dungeons and Dragons-type audience that was so abundant in the 1980’s. In fact, it’s no surprise that it movie ran as risqué as it did considering Disney was aiming to attract to teenagers following United Artist Studio’s success with The Secret of NIMH in 1982. Along with the dark tone, there is also a very noticeable shift in animation styles, most notably the first use of CGI in Disney animation. Blending real world effects such as bubbles and steam into the animation, the movie managed to create an otherworldly feeling that worked beautifully with the larger theme. Though a bit dated in terms of what we’re seeing today, it was a landmark accomplishment for a studio looking for a fresh start almost two decades after Walt Disney’s death.

Unfortunately, it might be the animation that was the main plus side to this movie (and I’m including the choppy editing and the slow deterioration of character animation quality after a series of animator strikes). Don’t get me wrong, the story itself is fantastic. With its menacing villain and unique secondary princess character, along with the smart fantasy take, the film managed to break away from the childlike atmosphere of its predecessors. Also, if you’re a soundtrack buff, the music is top notch! That being said, not all the characters got the special treatment of being treated like adults. The fuzzy, cuddly character dubbed Gurgi was perhaps the most annoying character to ever tread proper animation. A failed attempt at comedy relief, he came off as the Jar-Jar Binks of the movie and though he is a regular staple in the The Chronicles of Prydain, the book series that the movie is based off, I hate him and he can go die. Also, there is a group of fairy characters (adorably voiced by actual children) who I’m pretty sure were made to sell fictional merchandise as their design lacks any semblance of originality. Imagine floating smurfs and you get the gist.

But for all its flaws, we can’t put the blame on the shoulders of sloppy book adaption or poor cuts. In reality, there was a series of last minute changes and underlying tensions inside the Disney company itself that unraveled onto the Black Cauldron. Frequent animator, over-seer, and management changes bogged down the animation process, leaving the movie to basically survive on its own. In hindsight, it wasn’t a bad idea, it just came at the wrong time, like a giggle at a funeral. It marked a time of high tension in the studio and its incomplete look was a glaring reminder that Disney didn’t quite have everything figured out. Honestly, give Black Cauldron a watch and determine for yourself. Perhaps a new audience, powered by the internet and nostalgia, is all this movie classic really needs.

By Nia Edwards-Behi

I feel like my end of year list this year’s going to be a little bit of a weird mix. Finishing off my PhD (and working full time and doing that whole film festival thing) has somewhat limited my ability to watch many films this year. If there are some cracking films missing from my list, chances are I just haven’t seen them yet. For once, I’m not just being contrary! Anyway, that also means there’s a couple of obscure-ish titles on here which I really hope see the light of day outside festival screeners. Don’t worry though, I’ve not gone full hipster – there are also some glaringly mainstream additions to the list too. There seems to be two clear ‘types’ of film on my list, though – high-energy, fast-paced, mostly action-led films, and quiet, slow, fairly meditative films, usually about women. I am nothing if not predictable.

Enough preambling. This final ten is presented in no particular order, and because – despite the lack of films I’ve watched this year – I still found it painfully difficult to whittle this list to just ten, there are a few special mentions at the end.

MISS ZOMBIE (SABU, 2013)

I dove straight into Miss Zombie with zero expectations, or if anything, somewhat dubious, and I found a moving, precise film of subtle horrors. In the very near future, wealthy families can buy domesticated zombies on the black market as servants. The film offers a portrait of the exploitation of one particular zombie servant. The trailer implies a certain level of action in the film, but it’s no such beast, and instead the film is an incredibly subdued affair. There are so many real-world issues and ideas that are tied up in the film’s narrative (exploitation of the domestic workers? Subjugation of women? Medical ethics?) that the film becomes an incredibly rich experience. Ultimately, it’s the stunning direction and editing of the film that makes the film really moving, as I found myself completely captivated by the relatively straight-forward story. Similar shots are used again and again to hammer home the repetitive nature of the servant’s work, often combined with an incessant use of sound. However, there is a subtle escalation of the servant’s woes woven into these repetitive tasks which provide a wonderful sense of dread – something terrible is going to happen. Ayaka Komatsu’s central, restrained performance as Sara, the zombie, is an astonishing feat. Only in compiling this list did I realise I’ve seen another recent horror film in which she takes the lead role, and although that film, Talk to the Dead, is significantly more prosaic, she ensures the film is nonetheless quite enjoyable. Here she has a much meatier role to play with, and she fulfils the part wonderfully. I’m hoping Miss Zombie gets an English-subbed DVD release, because it’s a film that deserves to be seen widely.

ONLY LOVERS LEFT ALIVE (JIM JARMUSCH, 2013)

My review.

I reviewed Only Lovers Left Alive earlier this year, and covered more or less everything I had to say about this wonderful film. However, I failed completely to mention a really crucial aspect of the film’s lushness, which is its soundtrack. Quite how I managed this oversight is beyond me, as music is an integral part of the film’s narrative. Jarmusch takes charge of the soundtrack, with his band Sqürl providing most of the languid and sultry soundscape. Yasmin Hamdan’s performs her song Hal in the film itself, in a scene which crystalises Jarmusch’s love for music in a beautiful way. Back when I reviewed the film in February, I accused the film of gazing at its own navel a bit too much, probably my only criticism of it. Having watched it a couple more times since then, I realise actually, that’s just what you want from a film which is very much about individuals. It’s a lush and indulgent film that manages to be quite subtly sad. However, the film is one that ends in hope, and in such a way that reminds us why vampires really are fabulous monsters.

 
GUN WOMAN (KURANDO MITSUTAKE, 2014)

Ben’s review.

Gun Woman is perhaps overall something of an imperfect, messy film, its framing device which sees two hit men discuss the story of the ‘gun woman’ almost endearingly sloppy, however, I’m not here for the framing device. I’m not really here for the plot. I’m not here for anything except for Asami being a goddamn badass. The film felt like it might have been made decades ago, its grimy, thoroughly problematic plot left me feeling a little bit dirty for having enjoyed it so much. Asami is the titular gun woman, a suicidal drug addict bought by a vengeful doctor, determined to have his revenge on the maniac who killed his wife. The doctor puts his subject through cold turkey and generally mistreats her in the name of ‘training’, as he transforms her into a killing machine. The final gambit, though, in which she truly becomes the gun woman, is so luridly and unashamedly bonkers that any problems with the finer points of the story-telling are long forgotten. The end of the film left me screaming out for sequels, and I honestly hope this might be the start of a franchise. It’s frankly amazed me that Gun Woman was passed by the BBFC with such minimal cuts, given Asami spends most of the film naked and in great peril, and yet, for example, The Bunny Game was outright banned for much the same content, albeit a very different tone. Regardless, I’m just glad I’ll be able to buy the film and watch it again and again and again, because it’s bloody brilliant.

 
OVER YOUR DEAD BODY (‘KUIME’, TAKASHII MIIKE, 2014)

Karolina’s review.

Inexplicably, this wonderful film received the lowest audience score of everything we screened at this year’s Abertoir. However, I like to think that being the lowest scorer with a hefty 3/5 says more about the quality of our line-up this year than is does about Miike’s wonderful film. When I had the good fortune of a screener for this film falling into my inbox earlier this year, I knew I would immediately watch it. I’m incredibly proud that we were able to premiere the film at Abertoir last month, as it’s a quiet, creepy and unnerving film that’s a nice meld of Miike’s recent samurai films and his more horrific output. The film is a meta-adaptation of the famous kabuki play Yotsuda Kwaidan, and sees life imitate art for two actors taking on the lead roles. Much of the film is dedicated to the staging of the play, and the leads Ko Shibasaki and Ebizô Ichikawa give mesmerising performances on-stage and off it. When the gore comes it’s unnerving and effective, as one might expect, and there’s one particularly squirm-inducing scene which is as disturbing as it is fun to watch with a crowd.

 
THE EDITOR (MATTHEW KENNEDY & ADAM BROOKS, 2014)

My review.

I have swooned over this film previously, but it bears repeating that The Editor is a bloody great film that is smart and affectionate as well as truly very silly. At once a joyous love letter to Italian genre cinema and a prime slice of Astron 6 inanity, if you’re not yelling ‘wizard!’ at people or saying things are ‘really veird’ after seeing it, then, well, you probably have better restraint than me. It bears repeating that the chaps from Astron 6 who make the film also star in it, and manage to steal the show from even the impressive cameos. I will never cease to find Conor Sweeney hilarious (I don’t think anybody does ‘bad acting’ better), and if I learned nothing else from the film, it’s that I’d quite like to see polo-necked jumpers for men make a serious comeback.

THE RAID 2 (GARETH EVANS, 2014)

Steph’s review.

The Raid 2 was one of the few mainstream(ish) cinema releases that I caught at the actual cinema this year, and I would have kicked myself (heh) had I not. I’d seen the odd complaint that the film was too long, too plot-driven, too talky beforehand, so I tried to approach it level-headedly and not just excited about watching a bunch of dudes kicking a bunch of other dudes. Personally, I thought The Raid 2 was as good as, if not better than its predecessor, a well-paced cops-‘n’-gangs thriller with truly spectacular fights. For every scene in which characters talk plot, there’s an assured and entertaining fight that follows. Though we don’t learn that much more about Iko Uwais’s Rama, we care a lot for his character, trapped again in a situation in which he doesn’t necessarily want to be. Dizzying sequences such as the prison mud fight, or the kitchen showdown, really cement Uwais as an action star. This time round we have an expanded cast, and predictably, Julie Estelle’s Hammer Girl was a highlight for me, as was Arifin Putra’s Uco.

KEPT (‘RA’, MAKI MIZUI, 2014)

I consider myself really quite privileged to have seen this unusual little film from Japan. It’s quite flawed, demonstrating many weaknesses that might befall a first-time director, but the raw power behind it is something else. Maki Mizui has frequently worked behind the scenes with some of Japan’s most familiar filmmakers, including Sion Sono and Yoshihiro Nishimura, who is producer on Kept. Kept is Mizui’s directorial debut, and it’s a personal tale of assault, guilt and redemption, based on her own experiences. That it’s stayed with me as long as it has is testament to how powerful the film is, despite its flaws. I can see this film getting lazily repackaged as a ‘rape-revenge’ film. It’s nothing of the sort. This is a film about trauma, about survivor’s guilt, and about moving on with life. Elements of fantasy are used to convey these things, alongside some horrifically realistic sequences, and I’m not sure to what extent everyone might buy into the fantasy sequences. It’s a difficult film to digest, that’s for sure, but it’s one that truly left me reeling. It’s also an incredibly refreshing take on the depiction of sexual assault and its aftermath, and in a market increasingly saturated with faux-feminist revenge fantasies, a film as honest and as painful as this one feels all the more important and pronounced. The film is bleak, yet it wears its hopefulness on its sleeve, as the tagline reads: ‘You are not to blame.’

A GIRL WALKS HOME ALONE AT NIGHT (ANA LILY AMANPOUR, 2014)

My review.

A Girl Walk Home Alone at Night has got a lot of things I like going on – a female lead, vampirism, interesting visuals, a cool soundtrack, an impressive acting turn from a cat…it’s hard for me not to include the film on my final top ten of the year, despite perhaps not loving it quite as much as some people have. However, that I almost immediately wanted to see the film again once it ended says something for it. It’s quite a sparse film, filled with intense and surprisingly funny performances, and I desperately want to see it again. At its core is a relatively conventional story (boy meets girl), but it’s testament to Amanpour’s vision that she’s taken a risk on many aspects of that story’s telling – its setting, its language, its form. Films such as this and the aforementioned Only Lovers Left Alive seem to indicate that vampires have grown-up a bit, and long may that trend continue.

HOUSEBOUND (GERARD JOHNSTONE, 2014)

My review.

Housebound surpassed all my expectations of just another ‘horror comedy’. I am really not generally a fan of horror comedies. Housebound a very funny film, but it’s also a film that skilfully balances several different genres, which is no mean feat, but perhaps most importantly of all it’s a wonderfully character-driven piece. At its core is wayward Kylie, an impressively likeable miscreant who drives and grounds the twisting, incredible plot. Morgana O’Reilly displays some impressive acting chops, particularly in some of the funniest scenes. Writer-director Gerard Johnstone has sensitively written some lovely characters, and managed to throw them in at the deep end of a complicated plot without letting them drown. As a result, Housebound is an incredibly nuanced and assured debut feature.

CAPTAIN AMERICA: THE WINTER SOLDIER (ANTHONY AND JOE RUSSO, 2014)

I am very much an obsessee of those there Marvel films that everyone either loves, or loves to belittle, but even so I never thought I’d include one on my end of year list for Brutal as Hell. And yet, here we are, witness to a dizzyingly brilliant paranoid espionage thriller with excellent fight choreography and a sense of humour and, phew, more please, Marvel. It’s a film which satisfies both fans of the Marvel Cinematic Universe and is accessible enough to stand on its own two feet. The usual suspects amongst the cast are excellent, and there’s a real star in the making with Anthony Mackie. The Russo Brothers have recently been announced as directors for Avengers 3, and on the strength of this film, I think the universe is in very safe hands.

Special mentions: Tetsuya Nakashima’s The World of Kanako (manic), Gareth Edwards’ Godzilla (ROAR), Noboru Iguchi’s Gothic Lolita Battle Bear (adorable), Noboru Iguchi’s Live (bonkers), Shinya Tsukamoto’s Fires on the Plain (grim), Riley Stearns’ Faults (intense), Jaume Balaguero’s REC4 (satisfying), Oliver Frampton’s The Forgotten (creepy), Aaron Moorhead & Justin Benson’s Spring (charismatic), James Ward Byrkit’s Coherence (smart), and Richard Bates Jr’s Suburban Gothic (surprising).

By Karolina Gruschka

Every generation “embraces the vampire it needs, and gets the one it deserves.”

As US scholar Nina Auerbach points out in the quote above, vampires often reflect certain aspects of culture and current society. This means the image of the vampire is an ever shifting one that adapts to the requirements of the day and age. The idealized other offers an escape from ‘common’ society and its pressures but, at the same time, painfully highlights our fears, anxieties and their inescapability. In my opinion, the ambiguity between desire and aversion is the fundamental element of vampire lore that generates its magnetism. Who wants to live forever? A life for eternity sounds very tempting but it comes at a monstrous price.

Anne Rice’s Interview with the Vampire (written 1973, published 1976) has a great deal of homosexual overtones reflecting the gradually relaxing attitudes of Westerners towards gender, sex and sexuality in the 1970s (i.e. that is when an end was set to considering homosexuality as a mental illness in the USA!). However, similar to biblical times when sodomy took the blame for God’s wrath, people with a homosexual orientation were scapegoated for the AIDS epidemic in the late 1980s, resulting in a backlash in regards to acceptance. Around the same time, scandals around child abuse by priests started to gain more publicity, fueling the stereotypical association of homosexuality with paedophilia. As a result, the 1994 film adaptation of Interview with the Vampire toned down Lestat’s taste for little boys and, despite being greatly sympathetic towards the vampire’s queer identities, presented the idea of the gay male family in a very problematic way.

If somebody is wondering now what the heck I am talking about, maybe this is the right time to give a little synopsis of the movie. The story is framed as an interview conducted by San Franciscan reporter Daniel Molloy (Christian Slater) with 200 year old broody vampire Louis De Pointe Du Lac (Brad Pitt). In 1791, a depressed and self-destructive Louis (he only just lost his newborn and wife during childbirth) is given the option to have his longing for death satisfied or to begin a new life for all eternity. Realizing that at 24 he is not finished with life yet, Louis lets decadent European vampire Lestat de Lioncourt (Tom Cruise) turn him into one of his kind. His dilemma sets in almost instantly based on the incongruity between the newly acquired vampire instincts and a prevailing respect for human life. Lestat does not make it easy for Louis to surpress his hunger for human blood, tempting and provoking him on every occasion.

Despite feeding mainly on rats (and poodles), Louis does slip at times; in a Plague ridden New Orleans mid 19th century, he has an encounter with a helpless orphaned girl. Lestat, who fears Louis might not put up with his antics for much longer, traps him by turning her, Claudia (Kirsten Dunst), into their eternal child. She may look as beautiful and innocent as an infant, but the predatory instincts mixed with the selfish demands of a child turn her into a fierce and unpredictable killer. While mentally she goes through the changes, Claudia’s body will forever remain locked in time. Internally growing up to adolescence, it is a mother’s guidance she desires. Consequently, she rids herself violently of one of her fathers (Lestat), escapes with Louis to Europe and finds herself a female companion (Madeleine, Dominiziana Giordano) to form a heterosexual family bond like she remembers from her human existence.

The purpose of their travels is not only to escape Lestat’s control but also to search for other vampires, who might be able to provide them with answers. Close to giving up, it is an ancient Parisian coven led by Armand (Antonio Banderas) that finds them instead. Le Theatre des Vampires are vampires inhabiting a theatre space, disguised as humans pretending to be vampires; in macabre avant garde Grand Guignol-esque live sacrifices they feed on their prey in front of an unknowing sensationalist audience. While Louis is enchanted with Armand against his better judgement, Claudia feels highly suspicious of him, his hedonistic coven and their announcement of a new era. Rather than turning out to be the answer they were searching for, the coven betrays Louis and Claudia…

Almost 20 years after the cinematic release of Interview with the Vampire I went out to buy the DVD (previously having only the VHS version). As soon as I got to the till, the young cashier started raving on about how amazing this film is, how fantastic Cruise performs as a ‘baddy’, and how it is from a period where vampires were still mysterious and edgy. Well, keep on preaching to the choir. Times have changed; while we were fortunate to witness the legalisation of same sex marriages in some parts of the world and an acceptance of a variety of different family unions (although there is still a lot of work to do in regards to tolerance), vampires seem to have lost their ambiguity.

After rather soulless monster-like vampires who hide away in the shadows (even Countess Dracula sticks to her castle), it was Anne Rice who revamped the mythical creatures by making them young, sexy and ‘alive’. Her novel Interview with the Vampire paved the way for cool vampires like the Lost Boys, Angel and Blade. Rather than simply accepting ‘what’ they are, the modern day vampires became more like ‘whos,’ secretly or overtly desiring a mortal existence. Then in the noughties vampires experienced a further revival, instigated by Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight Saga, which makes the quote in the headline atop this retrospective seem more of a threat. Rice’s and Meyer’s creatures may be very similar with regards to rules/conventions (individual dark gift, intense hunger, killing another vampire is the ultimate crime) and personal traits (romantic, lonely, thoughtful, self-reflexive, tragic, regretful, sad). However, Meyer took the fundamental dilemma away; there no longer seems a disadvantage to being immortal. You become a more beautiful, stronger, faster and better version of yourself with unlimited time at hand and no need for sleep (and of course, you sparkle like diamonds when out in the sun).

Maybe it is nostalgia kicking in here (I love movies/music from the 1990s) and I am just being too conservative in dismissing Twilight as missing the whole point of vampires. Judging by the immense popularity of it I guess these are the vampires this generation currently needs. Interview with the Vampire will, however, always have a special spot in my heart, not only because it is a great movie but also because (as with many childhood films) it reminds me of the self I used to be 20 years ago. I was always a massive fan of River Phoenix and got obviously very upset about his premature death. Phoenix had been Rice’s original choice for the interviewer Daniel Molloy, but he unfortunately died just before he was to commence shooting for Interview with the Vampire (aged 23, at 1:51am on 31st October 1993). Notoriously known for going on crazy drug binges with John Frusciante (Red Hot Chilli Peppers), River OD’ed on a cocaine and heroin cocktail in Johnny Depp’s LA night club, The Viper Room. Skeptical about appearing in a vampire movie, little did he know that he would become just like them, a beautiful but troubled and tragic character forever frozen in time.

By Ben Bussey

What are you afraid of? It’s a simple enough question, one which tends to prompt the old list of usual suspects: spiders, snakes, rats, heights and so on and so forth. But is the answer really as simple as that, for any of us? When it comes right down to it, I’m not sure any of us really know what we’re truly afraid of until we’ve had to confront it directly – and we may come to find fear in places we had never anticipated. I didn’t consider myself at all claustrophobic until I got trapped in a small lift (that’s an elevator to you transatlantic types) with more people than it should have been carrying; it was probably for five or ten minutes at most, but with the air getting thin and the temperature rising by the moment, it felt like a whole lot longer. Nor did I ever consider myself particularly afraid of heights until my first attempt at rock climbing, when dangling on a rope at about a hundred feet I was overwhelmed by the sense of being a speck in an infinite vacuum.

Those, however, were fairly rational moments of fear and panic, for which little explanation is necessary. One rather more potent moment occurred more than a decade before either incident, when I sat down to watch A Nightmare on Elm Street for the very first time.

(Yes, this is going to be one of those autobiographical accounts of my first experience of a film. I’m just saying that upfront as I realise this approach isn’t to all tastes; but what can I say, we’d letting the side down if we didn’t mark the thirtieth anniversary of A Nightmare on Elm Street – which first opened in US cinemas this week in 1984 – and I’ve been wracking my brain trying to find something to say about it which hasn’t been said innumerable times before. At the end of the day, the only relatively fresh angle I could find was the personal one. That disclaimer out of the way, let us continue.)

If I remember correctly I was eleven years old. I’d not long since caught the horror bug and was eager to see as much as I could – and, being a child of the 1980s, there was one movie series above all others that I just knew I had to see. As Heather Langenkamp would later say in Wes Craven’s New Nightmare, “every kid knows who Freddy is; he’s like Santa Claus or King Kong.” This was never more true than in the late 1980s, when the popularity of the hideously burned child molester with a crumbled brown fedora, red and green striped jumper and knive-laden gauntlet was at its peak. True to form, as a child I knew the nature of Freddy’s power and was afraid of him long before I’d seen anything of the movies beyond their VHS sleeves; I remember being particularly startled by the Freddy’s Revenge cover, the antagonist’s head thrown back in an evil scowl, his claws held high.

However, I’m happy to say my first experience of Freddy was in his first, and I’d say far and away best film. I saw it at a friend’s house on a summer afternoon, on a little TV in his bedroom. The curtains were open, sunlight was pouring in and reflecting off the screen, the whir of the video recorder was almost as loud as the film itself. Nonetheless I was utterly transfixed from the opening frames, as the unseen figure crafts the deadly glove, grunting sadistically to himself as he did so; this flowing seamlessly into Tina’s first nightmare, with the sense of imminent danger following her every step, and just those few fleeting glimpses of Freddy himself which leave the viewer both eagerly anticipating and mortally dreading his every appearance.

A Nightmare on Elm Street really pushed me out of my comfort zone. At that time The Monster Squad had not long since become my favourite movie of all time in the whole world ever; as such, my few horror movie experiences were somewhat milder than what I was getting here. As much as I loved Fred Dekker’s 1987 magnum opus, the truth was that it had never truly frightened me – but A Nightmare on Elm Street did. It really unnerved me. Not only was it loaded with potent jump scares, it had at its core a genuinely scary idea: a man who could enter your dreams and kill you while you slept. There could be no escaping such a thing; we all have to sleep sometime whether we want to or not. And that night, after watching A Nightmare on Elm Street for the first time, I really didn’t want to. It was one of the few times in my life that I chose to sleep with the light on.

And the thing that has most stayed with me from that first experience was the fact that it was not Freddy himself that most haunted me. Yes, I found him terrifying; and yes, it freaked me the fuck out when his invisible form ripped Tina’s stomach open and dragged her bloodied form across the ceiling, and when his claw dragged Glen down into his own mattress and made like Old Faithful. Yet it wasn’t those images that lingered most heavily in my mind’s eye.

Rather, it was the image of dead Tina appearing in Nancy’s nightmare, standing aloft in a dirty back alley in a partially unzipped body bag, as she opens her mouth as if to speak – and a centipede falls out.

This was a whole different kind of scare. Freddy leaping up suddenly out of nowhere with a roar; that kind of straightfoward shock I could understand. The deaths of Tina and Glen, the sight of blood; again, no mystery as to why that would be scary. But seeing an insect (and not one I’d had any particular fear of beforehand) crawl out of a dead girl’s mouth for no readily apparent reason: this just did not compute. I didn’t understand the image – and more to the point, I didn’t understand why I found it so frightening. To this very day I can’t find a rational explanation.

This was quite the revelation. If I could find something frightening without having the slightest idea why, how well could I truly know myself? And perhaps even more importantly, what did it say about me that I actually enjoyed this feeling of total terror? (What can I say, I was a very deep 11 year old.)

This, I think, is the key to A Nightmare On Elm Street’s endurance: its exploration of the nature of fear. It works on both the simple jump-out-of-your-seat, spill-your-popcorn level, but it also stays with you and comes back to haunt you when you least expect it, in ways you don’t necessarily expect. It was this approach which both endeared the film to the slasher crowd, but also appeared to pave the way to a more sophisticated future… though it is of course highly debatable whether the subsequent sequels delivered on that promise.

Not unlike the original Godzilla (which recently turned 60), the cinematic franchise and marketing empire spawned by A Nightmare on Elm Street make it tricky to approach the original film in isolation today. Watching it again now, there are certain things in the film that frighten me more than they did as a child, such as Johnny Depp’s hair and wardrobe, and John Saxon’s grammar (“what the hell were you doing going to school today for anyway?”) The little errors and tell-tale signs of its low budget stand out more to me now, too; not just that godawful mannequin in the final scene, but a couple of instances of stunt performers landing on clearly visible crash mats, Freddy seemingly gaining about three stone in weight the moment he gets set on fire, and indeed Robert Englund’s make-up and costume, which looks pretty amateurish by comparison with that of the sequels (though still infinitely better than that cartoon witch look they gave him on Freddy’s Dead). But while the later films might have delivered a more polished veneer, few of them came anywhere near capturing the same genuinely nightmarish effect of the one that started it all.

By Matt Harries

What does the vampire mean to you? Looking back through the annals of cinema we are spoiled for choice when it comes to choosing our favourite manifestation of the bloodsucker. In recent times, long form television has given us vamps who look like models; sexually charged, magnetic and beautiful as in True Blood. In Guillermo Del Toro’s The Strain, The Master has some characteristics in common with the fanged denizens of Bon Temps – seemingly all-powerful and capable of inspiring fear and devotion in equal measure – but in the flesh he is all monster, an ancient horror that spreads the plague of vampirism through worm-like parasites and violent genetic mutation. In the Blade series of films the vampire exhibits elements seen in both True Blood and The Strain, combined with the achingly modern life skills such as mastery of the martial arts and expertise in the most cutting edge technological advances. Vampires come in all shapes and sizes, and often these days their story seems to be tied in with very contemporary concerns. There are surely no other creatures of fantasy out there who have quite managed the transition into modernity with such aplomb, but who yet have their roots deeply embedded in the folklore of pre-cinema.

Cinema’s journey into vampirism began in such very different circumstances of course. F.W Murnau’s 1922 Expressionist classic Nosferatu: Eine Symphonie des Grauens was an unauthorised adaptation of Bram Stoker’s Dracula – surely the definitive vampire story. It came from a time long before the vampire had become a cliché, a commonplace staple of popular horror culture, and the subject of countless interpretations and adaptations. By the time Werner Herzog chose to make his own version of the classic tale, over half a century had elapsed. The likes of Hammer had offered their own unique rendering, but despite the plethora of vampire films released even in the same year, Herzog’s version comes from a time before all that. In choosing to create a link between the great era of Expressionist cinema and the then new-wave of German cinema, he once again tapped into that ancient wellspring from whence Murnau’s iconic masterpiece itself was derived.

Far removed from the modern tendency toward self-referential irony, Herzog’s Nosferatu paints a picture of a society for whom the light of modern age has yet to cast aside the darkness of superstition. As such the film is full of contrasts between two opposite states; light and darkness; life and death; youth and age. Water is often used as a symbolic mirror, capable in its raging torrents and calm placidity of reflecting the fluid states of human emotion. Early in the film, Jonathan (Bruno Ganz) and fiance Lucy (Isabelle Adjani) visit the beach where they first fell in love. The placid retreating tide beckons him toward the unknown Transylvania and its possibilities, away from home town Wismar, full of “canals which go nowhere”. Jonathan’s desire to explore the lands beyond Wismar, and experience a richer life, highlights another contrast – that of the modern world and the ancient wildness of nature.

Throughout the film we witness the interplay between these differing states of being. Jonathan leaves the calm order of Wismar for Transylvania. Who better to tell him of the dark lands beyond the civilised world than the gypsies who themselves live outside the strictures of modernity? Only they travel across the great chasm that divides the world’s of Jonathan’s past and future. Yet for all this they fear the darkness and are naturally suspicious of its place within the natural order of things. “No such castle exists there except perhaps in the imagination of man”, he is told. And yet, being the modern man, Jonathan quests on, driven by his desire for adventure as much as the need to provide a better future for Lucy.

Herzog’s direction focuses upon creating a powerful ambient atmosphere, utilising the grandeur of the natural world in a manner that will be familiar to those who have followed his work. The tone is set with the arresting imagery that opens the film, namely footage of the mummies of Guanajuato in Mexico. These grim figures were disinterred during an 1833 cholera epidemic. Apparently there were examples where the dying were buried before their deaths. Indeed, the corpse of one woman was found face down in her coffin biting her own arm, her mouth full of blood. Some of the post-mortem facial expressions of these unfortunates also indicate the horror of dying in their own tombs. Although unrelated in time and place to the events of Nosferatu, there is something about these mummies that strikes an horrific chord with the subject matter of the film. Mankind’s own attempt at claiming a slither of immortality; preservation of the dead and dying, their desiccated remains denied the ultimate release of decay. Powerfully redolent of Dracula’s own state of undying.

The slow motion footage of a bat flying is equally haunting, but for all its sinister overtones is imbued with a timeless dark elegance. The night hunter is focussed and seemingly swooping in to land, filmed against a grainy background. As it leans in towards the object of its attention Lucy sits bolt upright in bed, screaming one of cinematic horror’s classic screams. If her nightmares were of the images we have just watched, it is no wonder she feels such a sense of foreboding.

After this ghastly introduction we arrive at Wismar and its calm order. Filmed largely in Delft in the Netherlands, Herzog chose the location for its stylised, dreamlike atmosphere. The gentle flow of water through the town’s canal system contrasts with the white waters that churn through the Transylvanian mountains, that seem to usher Jonathan through the treacherous Borgo pass and beyond to Castle Dracula. Jonathan’s ascension to the castle is quintessentially Herzog; lingering awestruck shots of the forbidding monochromatic peaks. Clouds at once soar above and cling smothering to them. Finally we arrive at the Castle. Jonathan is beckoned in by the pale form of the Count. The heavy black iron door clanks shut like it is itself a part in the mechanism of a great lock, behind which the Jonathan Harker who enters the castle will never emerge again as he once was.

Enter then our Count himself, played by Klaus Kinski. Wearing a rather fetching hat and coat combo he nonetheless appears startlingly vampiric from the get go. There is none of the latter day shape shifting – appearing sometimes older, sometimes younger, some times more or less human altogether. No, here Dracula appears as he remains throughout the film, preternaturally long teeth and nails and all. As he watches Jonathan eat he resembles a strange amalgam of the striking images of the opening sequence. Pallid, deathly flesh toned and almost corpse still, yet at once focussed upon his guest, radiating a hunger that boils just below the surface. Yet he also exudes a sense of age, of weariness. “Ah young man”, he laments, “you are like the villagers who cannot place themselves in the soul of the hunter”. At this point Jonathan seems to lose his appetite. His pensive mood is further unsettled by the bizarre chiming of the Count’s fantastic clock and, not surprisingly I might add, by the Count’s attempt to drink his blood after he cuts his finger. Despite Jonathan’s obvious fear we can see the Count is hardly a rampaging killer. Instead he appears frail and old yet at once utterly compelled by hunger.

Isabelle Adjani’s Lucy is the story’s other principal player. With a pale complexion framed in the dark shadow of her black hair, her youthful beauty places her as Dracula’s opposite and yet eventually also his obsession. For all her innocence and loyalty to Jonathan, there is a kind of intensity to Adjani’s performance that makes her a slightly more convincing object for the undead Count’s obsession than say, Winona Ryder, who for all her prettiness lacks Adjani’s classically gothic good looks. Her wide eyed expression of horror seen during her first real meeting with Dracula himself remains one of the most haunting after images of this film, burned into the mind’s eye like those of Shelley Duvall in The Shining.

Kinski it is though, who steals the show. Out of makeup he was a striking enough presence, well known for his apocalyptic mood swings and hysterical fits that mark his relationship with the equally intense but somewhat more placid Werner Herzog as one of cinema’s great partnerships. Despite his reputation as a diva he was apparently quite taken by the Japanese makeup artist who rigorously applied his prosthetics on a daily basis, being for once the model of patience and composure, and this reflects in his rather measured and contained performance as a whole. His delivery, all far away looks and distant memories, is full of weariness and the longing for mortality. There is none of the power or grandeur of Oldman’s Dracula, nor the stern darkness of Lee’s. When we see Kinski’s Count forced to do his own donkey work, lugging the coffins through Wismar, we do feel a bit sorry for him. The whole move to Wismar has the feel of a desperate last gambit. A strategy that will only bring him true victory through its own failure. Of all the Draculas in cinematic past, it is Kinski’s who most convinces when he utters “to be unable to grow old is terrible.”

I also really enjoyed Bruno Ganz as Jonathan. At first he is optimistic and adventurous; cautious, but ready to press on and do what he considers to be the right thing. His demeanour changes utterly, of course, upon his return to Wismar. He no longer recognises Lucy and has become increasingly reminiscent of his one time employer, Renfield (the entertaining Roland Topor); now finding bizarre amusement in the stories of Nosferatu Lucy reads to him. We may suspect that when Dracula finally perishes – so consumed by his hunger for Lucy’s blood he fails to heed the cock crowing to herald the dawn – this gives him the release he ultimately craves. However the final twist of the film sees Jonathan, now sporting junior versions of Dracula’s teeth and claws, extricate himself from behind Lucy’s folk magic barrier, tear off the crucifix that hangs around his neck and summon his horse, enigmatically stating “I have much to do”. Finally he is seen galloping away by horse back, along bare wind strewn sands. This ending put an interesting spin on the tale. Ostensibly, ‘evil’ wins through, with Jonathan now seemingly lost to vampirism and Lucy dead through her sacrifice. However Dracula, in seeking out Lucy, is at last able himself to find the mortality he craves.

Perhaps I am being hasty (having yet to watch the film), but I have seen the new direction Dracula is taking in cinema and I am not overly enthralled. Dracula Untold (editor’s note – here’s Keri’s review) appears on first glance to be a CGI-fest inspired by Lord Of The Rings and Game Of Thrones. The titular prince is ruggedly handsome and resplendent, a commander of armies with a beautiful wife and son. It seems like another popcorn friendly big budget epic in age of blandly invincible superheroes. Suffice it to say, there is nothing heroic about Kinski’s Dracula, who lingers through a loveless, futile existence, his humanity an old and painful memory. Herzog’s Nosferatu does not try and romanticise the Count. Despite his machinations and his hunger there is a tormented sadness within him. Feared as a great and monstrous evil, there is a yearning there that is entirely human. This is not a film about super powers or the ultimate triumph of love over evil. It is a film about a world that is full of shadows and light, of monsters and maidens, of prey and the preyed upon. About the illuminating light of discovery and the shadows that exist within mankind’s own heart.

Fundamentally, Nosferatu; Phantom der Nacht is the perfect antidote to the modern reading of the vampire story. Richly atmospheric, well acted, full of unaffected natural grandeur and with a fantastic, dreamlike soundtrack by long time Herzog collaborator Florian Fricke, it belongs at the very dark heart of vampire mythology.

By Quin

A few years ago, when Edward Scissorhands was was having its 20th anniversary, I remember thinking at the time, “Yep, that sounds about right.” Now four years later, as Tim Burton’s Ed Wood turns 20, I find myself feeling really old and wondering where the time went. It’s so strange how two films being released four years apart can seem so far apart – but for me, it was the difference between being 13 and 17, between being a child and a bigger child. But most importantly, at 17, I became a licensed driver – a child with a car. As a high school student with no job, but a weekly allowance that made it possible for me to get from one end of town to the other and buy tickets to screenings and various events, the world had become my oyster as far as I was concerned.

The early 1990’s was a pivotal time for me. On top of having my own transportation, my interest in film took a turn for the weird around that time. I was pretty much born drawn to the movies. But as a younger kid, my favorites were always dumb comedies or summer blockbusters (oh, things like Crocodile Dundee and Lethal Weapon 2…I’m not proud.) Upon starting to rent titles from the Cult section of the local video store, I began to realize that there was a whole sub-genre of films that were so bad they were great! There must have been something in the air or water at the time, because I clearly wasn’t the only one discovering these gems. It turned out that there had been this television show where robots make fun of these movies in hilarious ways, and it had been on since the late 80’s. My ridiculous cable company didn’t offer the Comedy Central network in the 90’s, so I really wasn’t properly introduced to Mystery Science Theater 3000 until Netflix. I had seen a few episodes and loved it, but was never able to see it regularly or even semi-regularly. The rest of the initiated had MST3K fever. I had it too – I just didn’t know it yet.

There were cable channels at the time (like TNT and USA – my cable provider did offer those) that would show older B-movies late Friday and Saturday nights. These shows had catchy names like Up All Night and 100% Weird, and used interesting personalities to introduce the films like Playboy Playmate Rhonda Shear and comedian Gilbert Gottfried. They showed unwatchable stuff like Cannibal Women in the Avocado Jungle of Death, as well as some really great and nuanced Atomic Age stuff like The Manster. It didn’t matter what they were showing, I wanted to see it, and I taped it every weekend so I could watch it during the day. I still have a few VHS tapes with these movies complete with vintage commercials for diet pills and ThighMasters as well as 1-900 party hotlines filled with visions of tube tops and lots of hairspray.

I don’t know for certain if this was where it started for me, but I seem to remember reading about a long dead director named Ed Wood in the pages of the newly resurrected magazine Famous Monsters of Filmland. I had seen Forrest J. Ackerman on an awards show that was televised a couple of times and filmed at Universal Studios in Hollywood (Well, Universal City, but whatever). It was called the Horror Hall of Fame and I remember being sucked in by the fact that it was hosted by Robert Englund. They were honoring classic horror films, as well as advertising newer ones. But it was all great. I think both of them are still on Youtube if you are interested in taking a look. At one point during one of the broadcasts, they talked about this old man who had Dracula’s cape and the Mummy’s ring and he started this horror/sci-fi/fantasy magazine called Famous Monsters of Filmland. He lived in L.A. and owned the largest collection of horror/sci-fi memorabilia in the world and even allowed fans to come to his house to see his stuff. This blew my mind and I filed it away for future reference. Fast forward a couple years to 1993, Forry Ackerman resumed publication of the magazine after a ten year hiatus and started putting on annual conventions. He had certainly picked up a new fan and reader in me.

As I said, Famous Monsters had articles about all kinds of monster movies, but mostly classic ones. And I do believe it was here where I first read about Edward D. Wood Jr., supposedly the worst director of all time. As my obsession with horror grew and I became more interested in the writers that dissected the films, I started reading Michael J. Weldon’s Psychotronic (including his Encyclopedia of Film), John McCarty and David J. Skal. Between them, they covered all aspects of everything I loved about the horror genre. But nobody talked about Ed Wood’s career and movies with such reverence and respect as Famous Monsters of Filmland.

When I first heard that Tim Burton was going to be doing a biopic of Ed Wood, I was ecstatic. I had been a huge Tim Burton fan since Pee-Wee’s Big Adventure and now he was going to be bringing Ed Wood back to life on the big screen. The Los Angeles Times was following the production closely because it was being shot on location in L.A., so in a pre-internet world it was pretty easy to follow the updates on the progress of the film. I didn’t find out until years later that Tim Burton was originally only going to produce the film and Heathers director Michael Lehmann would direct. Due to a scheduling conflict, Burton took over as director and I’m glad he did. It doesn’t have quite the Burtonesque stylized look that most of his other films have, but it definitely has a feel that only a Tim Burton movie can have. He made it a bit differently than his other films; he didn’t feel the need to storyboard the scenes and shots because he wanted it to be a more spontaneous process. Disney had also given him complete creative control, so he decided to make it feel like Ed Wood was in one of his own films; shooting in black and white would give it that feeling. Cinematographer Stefan Czapsky had worked with Tim Burton on the highly stylized and super dark Batman Returns, as well as several Errol Morris documentaries, which are way more visually stylized than most documentary films. But Ed Wood has the look of a classic Hollywood picture with the zany flair of the average B-movie of the era.

Before I get too far ahead of myself, I want to tell you about my experience of seeing Ed Wood for the first time and then the second time. When it was originally released, the newspaper said that it would have a limited engagement. This meant that I had to venture out of the area to find a place to see it. I think it was only playing at two or three theaters when it opened. Still being a new and not very confident driver, I convinced my mom to come with me to see it in Century City. It was a Friday afternoon and I either had the day off school or we had a half day, my mom and I got in the car and went to see Ed Wood. It was wonderful from start to finish. At the time I would have told you I thought it was perfect. Again, being in the days before internet, relying on a newspaper for movie times was the norm, although it seems maddening now. The following week, the paper informed me that Ed Wood would be opening wide and there would be a midnight screening pretty close to my house. Needless to say, I jumped at the chance to see it again.  This time with a rowdy midnight crowd, and free shirts were promised to the first 100 people. I didn’t realize that the crowd would be there so early. When I arrived, there were well over 100 people and the shirts were gone. Fortunately the show wasn’t sold out. I got my ticket and got in line. I met a very nice person in line who was not an Ed Wood fan at all and asked me if I wanted her free shirt. I gladly accepted and I still have it to this day. It’s a pretty cheap print of the film poster on a white t-shirt. The image has Ed in a director’s chair wearing an angora sweater. I wore it a lot, so it’s now faded to a grey rectangle. But I’m glad I ended up getting one and that girl was nice enough to give hers to me. I have no idea who she was, but I sort of like that I can publicly thank her here all these years later for her kindness.

This midnight screening was great. It was at the old South Bay Galleria, a theatre where The Rocky Horror Picture Show played every Saturday at midnight with a live cast. I think it was the same crowd that showed up for Ed Wood, because they were loud and they appreciated it on a level I didn’t experience the week before in Century City at lunchtime on a Friday afternoon. It was loud and energetic – exactly the way a screening of this movie should be.

If you’ve read this far, chances are you are already aware of Ed Wood’s legacy and you’ve probably already seen the biopic. But for the one or two of you who have just found interest in my story of what lead me to Ed Wood, but have yet to see the film, let me tell you a little about it. When we first meet Ed, he is already a struggling playwright. He has managed to put together a stage production consisting of friends of his. The acting and writing is atrocious, and when the camera cuts to the audience, we see a lot of empty seats, a sleeping old lady and a leaky ceiling. This is pretty much how Ed’s entire career and life go – empty seats and leaky ceilings – metaphorically speaking of course. He soon talks his way into getting a job directing a low budget film called I Changed My Sex, which is supposed to be based on real trans woman Christine Jorgensen who was the first person to have sex re-assignment surgery. Ed tells producer George Weiss that he is most qualified to shoot the picture, because he enjoys wearing women’s clothes. We find out that this is the first time Ed has ever told anybody about his secret, which he kept all during his time in the Marines while serving during WWII.

He conveniently and perhaps serendipitously meets Bela Lugosi and convinces him to be in his movie. Bela becomes a close friend, but also a bit of a bargaining chip. He will use him in anything, even if there is clearly no place for him, like  say Glen or Glenda. During shooting, Bela asks him, “What kind of picture is this, Eddie?” As you might guess, I Changed My Sex becomes Glen or Glenda, much to the dismay of Weiss. He’s already printed the posters and tells Ed if he ever sees him again, he’ll kill him. The making of Glen or Glenda also serves as a way for Ed to tell his girlfriend Dolores about his transvestism. She doesn’t handle it well at first, but gets over it. It is suggested that the making of the movie was a bit of a catharsis for both of them.

From there, we meet the rest of Ed Wood’s regulars – a psychic named Criswell, Bunny Breckinridge, and Brent Hinkley (who is actually a fictitious combination of Conrad Brooks and Paul Marco – two of Ed’s real friends). We get to see Ed making movies, and the movie wisely and brilliantly recreates classic scenes from his films. We also get to see how Ed worked constantly. He was always hustling in some way and thinking ahead so he would be able to do what he wanted as cheaply and quickly as possible. Along the way wrestler Tor Johnson is added to the cast of regulars, and then T.V. horror hostess Vampira reluctantly agrees to be in Plan 9 From Outer Space as long as she doesn’t have to say anything. The film ends with what appears to be a successful premier with Ed feeling like he finally made it. Plan 9 From Outer Space was going to be his Citizen Kane.

Apart from an American Graffiti style montage at the end of whatever became of so-and-so, there is no other mention of Ed Wood’s real life descent into poverty and alcoholism, which led to his untimely death of a heart attack at age 54. The film also stays away from him moving from B and Z grade films to sexploitation (Orgy of the Dead) and ultimately pornography (although most of it pretty soft core, some of it has been released through Something Weird Video.) The optimistic view is what really makes this film a love letter to a man who made movies the way he wanted to. He had unwavering belief in his abilities and he knew he was destined for greatness.

There is a completely fictionalized scene in Ed Wood where he meets his hero Orson Welles in a bar. They bond over making their first film at such a young age, and the Welles tells Ed, “Visions are worth fighting for.” This is exactly what Ed Wood did and even if he was technically inept at making movies, he did it and even long after his death he is admired by serious film makers as well as fans of the genre. Too bad he died in obscurity and probably felt irrelevant at the end. He never got to see the interest in his films hit its peak.

The cast of Ed Wood is an ensemble of big name movie stars and recognizable character actors. Some work better in their roles than others, but over all the film is very well cast. Bill Murray as Bunny Breckinridge is hilarious, but underused. Real pro wrestler George “The Animal” Steele plays the late great Tor Johnson; his voice is much deeper, but he looks exactly like him. The weakest performance is Lisa Marie as Vampira, but having done some research on Vampira, I’m not convinced that her character in Ed Wood is very well written. (I guess if Tim Burton had waited a few years to make Ed Wood we probably would have had Helena Bonham Carter as Vampira.) A few of these characters just seem like they were thrown into a stew. It works, but they could have gone deeper.

Johnny Depp as Ed Wood is amazing to watch. He physically looks like him and while he had done serious acting before, this was his first transformative role, which is something he has become known for. We’ve all heard how he picks real people to model his characters after – for instance, he chose Michael Jackson as inspiration for Willy Wonka and Keith Richards as inspiration for Captain Jack Sparrow. He has said that his version of Ed Wood was a combination of Ronald Reagan, Mickey Rooney and Jack Haley as The Tin Man in The Wizard of Oz. He also used Casey Kasem’s voice as inspiration. Knowing this, if you go back and watch it you can see and hear all of these people in his portrayal of Ed Wood.

And finally, even though this movie is called Ed Wood, as far a I’m concerned, it all belongs to Martin Landau. He even won a Best Supporting Oscar for his portrayal of Bela Lugosi. The makeup team consisting of the great Rick Baker, Yolanda Toussieney and Tim Burton regular Ve Neill also won Oscars for transforming Landau into Bela. The makeup is mostly just over the nose and upper lip. Landau captured the soul of Bela Lugosi and you can really see it in his eyes. It is some damn fine acting.

In the summer of 1995, I attended the Famous Monsters of Filmland convention at the Universal City Sheraton Hotel. It is still one of the best days of my life. It was the day I met Ray Bradbury and Ray Harryhausen for the first time. I also got to meet Al “Grandpa Munster” Lewis, as well as John Landis and Joe Dante. But so many people who were associated with Ed Wood were still alive at the time. They were all there too. I talked to Forrest J. Ackerman for a few minutes. He gave me a business card and told me I should make an appointment to see his collection (I never did, and I regret that.) I asked him what he thought of the movie Ed Wood, since he was friends with Ed and Bela. He said he didn’t care for it much, mostly because Bela would never talk the way he did in the film. He felt the swearing was unnecessary and unfair to his memory. I can appreciate this opinion, but some of that profanity laced dialogue provides some of the movies biggest laughs, like “Karloff? Sidekick? Fuck You! Karloff doesn’t deserve to smell my shit!” and “Let’s shoot this fucker!” I guess the screenwriters thought that it was more interesting if there was some fake rivalry between Bela Lugosi and Boris Karloff, but Forrest Ackerman assured me that they were friends. I briefly said hi to Maila Nurmi (Vampira) as she walked past me. But I had some great conversations with Conrad Brooks and Paul Marco who played Police Officers in Plan 9 From Outer Space.

I also talked to Dolores Fuller for about ten minutes. There was no one at her table and she was really friendly and talkative. If only I had known that I had been sent from the future to interview her for Brutal As Hell, but alas I was only an 18 year old guy and mostly clueless. I did have the good sense to ask her what she thought of the movie Ed Wood. She had mostly good things to say about it, but pointed out that they had some of the facts wrong and she could not stand Sarah Jessica Parker’s performance. This was pre-Sex in the City. I really loved the things Sarah Jessica Parker did in the 80’s, but she’s pretty unlikeable as Dolores Fuller. Over the course of the film she goes from clueless to bitter. I can tell you first hand that Dolores Fuller was a sweet lady. Apparently she was a hard worker too. She worked in television production before Ed Wood ever made a movie, essentially supporting the both of them. After they broke up she had a successful songwriting career that included “Rock-A-Hula Baby” for the Elvis movie Blue Hawaii. I have a signed 8X10 photo of Dolores Fuller where she’s wearing the famous angora sweater. She wrote “To Quin, Don’t stretch this one out. Love, Dolores Fuller.” Pretty awesome!

By Karolina Gruschka

Cinema “Pionier”, ulica Krakowska in Strzelce Opolskie, Poland; built in the 1960s, it suffered a crisis it could never recover from, when home entertainment arrived in the East. Slowly, the building would decay to become the derelict and atmospheric cinema I so much loved in the late 1990s and early 2000s. It was the kind of cinema that looked long closed from the outside, but had gangs of young punks and goths hanging about inside (and scary dogs), doing God-knows-what. The one screening per every couple of days would run only if at least four people would attend; this meant that often my brother, my cousin and I had to buy an extra ticket.

The screen was cold, smelled mouldy and had a weird vibe to it; it seemed like the ghosts of cinema’s past were still lingering (accentuated by the fact that there were head-shaped grease marks on the wooden headrests)…

“I want you to pretend you are in a […] movie theatre, you’re the only one there […], and in the whole pitch black theatre there’s only one thing you can see and that’s the white screen.”

There I am with my family sitting in this empty cinema looking at a screen that – Holy Shit! – looks like an extension of the movie theatre I am in, and there is this ghostly girl sitting in the front, about to turn around… I almost peed my panties. I might lose my (non-existent) street cred now, but Stir of Echoes (1999) is one of the few horror films that genuinely scared me. For days after I kept on seeing that girl and could not sleep without taking pills (herbal, ok?) to calm me down; years later I would cover my ears if somebody were to mention the movie. Why did this film have such a great effect on me? Speak to me on so many levels? Sure, I was quite young (you see, small local cinemas in Eastern Europe do not care about ratings), but I had seen worse by then, and this was a harmless 15.

I’ve often thought that a reason Stir of Echoes hit me so hard was the emotional affects it stirred in me (hello, hormonal teenager). Often, horror films tend to focus on predominantly two emotions, i.e. horror and disgust, or fear and horror; whereas Stir of Echoes had scenes that made me feel in equal amounts fear, horror, terror, anger, empathy and great sadness (I felt so terribly sorry and sad for the ghost girl). All this was probably enhanced by the fact that the effects and visuals were all I could go by in grasping the movie, since it was played in English (had a very basic knowledge of it then) with Polish subtitles (growing up in Germany, reading Polish fast was never my strength). The scenes where the protagonist Tom (Kevin Bacon) is trying to connect with the spirit of Samantha (Jennifer Morrison) have this odd, night terror vibe – oh, those night terrors I used to get as a kid! Combined with some shock effects and creepy, unnatural movements, this film had me destroyed by the end of it. Since then I will never, ever have anyone hypnotize me for the fear that some backdoor might be opened I will not have any control over. Here I am 15 years later still vividly remembering that night and shuddering at the thought of it. I got the DVD and have watched it once since its cinematic release in 1999 (although in Poland it might have been slightly later), but am scared to re-watch it now because I am home alone.

Stir of Echoes is based on a novel by Richard Matheson (which I have yet to read… maybe) and features Kevin Bacon as Tom. Yes, Kevin Bacon before all those annoying EE adverts, when he was still one of the coolest guys about (and slightly creepy). Tom moves with his wife Maggie (Kathryn Erbe) and little son Jake (Zachary Cope) to another area within Chicago. This “decent” neighbourhood seems to be great, everyone knows each other and there are constantly some communal events going on. During one of the parties, sceptic Tom gets hypnotized by Maggie’s friend Lisa (Illeana Douglas), who is training to be a hypnotherapist. What starts off as harmless fun ends in Tom becoming more open-minded, literally: he receives glimpses of the beyond.

He is, however, not alone in this; his little boy Jake, who, by the way, loves monster movies, has a natural sixth sense which is comparable to The Shining. Both can sense teenager Samantha, a ghost inhabiting the house, who is getting more and more pissed off as they do not get what she is trying to tell them. Tom is turning increasingly mad trying to understand Samantha, feeling that this is something important, something that will give meaning to his “stupid” and “ordinary” life. Maggie – bless her – is freaked out and hurt by all of this, but stays surprisingly strong and patient (despite being pregnant on top of that). I won’t say more to the story other than, maybe this neighbourhood ain’t that decent; even the nicest people can have skeletons in their closets…

15 years later, Stir of Echoes did not freak me out as much; back then, extra-textual factors might have contributed to the horrific (but awesome) experience I had. However, I still think it is a great movie and would recommend it to anyone who has not watched it yet. Yes, I admit Stir of Echoes is a mainstream drama/horror, but come on, what is wrong with that, eh? Get the DVD for a fix of 1990s and a massive dose of the uncanny.

By Ben Bussey and Keri O’Shea

Here at Brutal As Hell, we have at least one bona fide Last House on the Left scholar in our midst: our beloved Nia, who penned a fairly epic tribute to Wes Craven’s breakthrough movie on its 40th anniversary in 2012. However, just to balance things out, the BAH staff also has at least two Last House novices: Keri and myself. Yes, the editors of a site called Brutal As Hell have, until now, been almost totally ignorant of one of the most reputedly brutal films ever made, beyond its reputation.

However, the current UK tour of a rare original print of The Last House on the Left – organised by 35mm devotees Cigarette Burns, and Psychotronic Cinema –  presented a unique opportunity to not only educate ourselves, but hopefully have a viewing experience close to what was originally intended. Here, in brief – and with some spoilers – are our reactions…

Ben: So – this past Saturday night we attended a screening of The Last House on the Left at Hyde Park Picture House in Leeds, second stop of the tour that Cigarette Burns are doing with their rare 35mm print. We should get this out of the way and thereby end our horror cred forever in the eyes of many – it was the first time you’d ever seen it, and only the second time for me.

Keri: Yep – it was one of those films I knew of, could describe the plot and even name the characters, but – I’d never seen it. And, actually, I enjoyed it far more than I was expecting.

Ben: My feelings are quite mixed. It’s notorious for being one of the nastiest, most extreme films ever made – and put in the context of early 70s cinema, the horror genre in particular, it’s not hard to see how it would have been considered that way back then. But I’m not sure if it still has that sort of power today.

Keri: I still felt like it packed a punch – even though it has wildly inept moments throughout, i.e. whenever those cops are on screen. But in terms of indiscriminate, senseless violence, LHOTL certainly delivers – though I accept that I’m probably looking at the film in terms of its place in horror history too.

Ben: For me, it was less disturbing than it was disorienting – and it was absolutely the sudden shifts from wanton cruelty to slapstick buffoonery that did it. The very end, for instance (spoiler warning): Dad’s just chainsawed Krug to death, freeze frame – then end credits set to that comedy Chas & Dave-style music. You can’t help laughing – but it’s not so much from amusement as bewilderment. A genuine WTF moment, of which the film has many.

Keri: Yep, tonally I can’t see that Craven knew what he was doing. Slapstick ordeal horror? Well, that didn’t quite take off…

Ben: Yeah, it’s a very peculiar contrast. It’s one thing for a grueling film to have moments of levity, but this was pushing it. I have to assume it was intended as some sort of pointed effort to further emphasise the cruelty of what Krug and his gang were up to – showing how oblivious the rest of the world was. Maybe that was part of Craven’s Vietnam metaphor; how much of America was blinkering itself to the horror of what was going on. But that’s me rationalising it intellectually, knowing what Craven and umpteen others have said about the film since; as a viewer going in blind I doubt I would have made such an association, and the comedy elements would have just seemed a huge lapse in judgement.

Keri: It must have seemed an odd fish to viewers at the time… I mean, how recent is the common consensus that the film was a commentary on Vietnam? It seems pretty well understood/accepted now. But was it at the time?

Ben: I honestly don’t know. It mostly played flea pits and drive-ins, didn’t it? I can’t imagine it attracted too many high brow dissections on release.

Unless I missed it, I don’t remember them ever directly referring to Vietnam in the movie. Though they do make more explicit reference to the end of flower power, what with the girls going to see a band called Blood Lust, and the mother saying, “I thought you were supposed to be the love generation? What’s with all the violence?” Or words to that effect. Obvious Alice Cooper reference there too – the mother mentions chickens being killed onstage, I think.

Keri: Dr. Collingwood mentions ‘being in the barracks’, though it’s not clear for which conflict – could easily have been World War II, considering he looks to be in his fifties. I always wonder how much these social commentary ideas develop over time, rather than being purposeful.

That said, I did think that Phyllis’ near-escape and then how she’s cut down in a cemetery – where others have had decent burials but where she will not – is telling. That could relate to a lost generation. Like, the old rules or ways of doing things surrounding death had to be forgone in Vietnam – no headstone, nothing. But then, again, is that me making that fit with the film? That’s one of the issues around dissecting films of this nature, I guess!

Ben: I get your point. And yeah, I do wonder sometimes if having an interest in film history is actually a hindrance in approaching some films, because it keeps you from engaging on a basic viewer level. I don’t mean that as a slur on less informed viewers, but rather that we should be able to engage with a film on our own terms – and on the film’s own terms for that matter. However, with something like Last House, we’re immediately considering its role in bridging the gap between Night of the Living Dead and Texas Chain Saw Massacre, ushering in the new era of horror; we’re immediately relating it to the later works of Wes Craven and producer Sean Cunningham. (Heh, I said ‘I get your point’…)

Keri: Nice work! * But yes, it can be hard to disengage horror genre mode – and just watch the damn film…

Ben: Staying in horror genre mode – it is interesting to note the differing paths Craven and Cunningham went on to take, notably in creating the two dominant horror franchises of the 80s in Friday the 13th and A Nightmare on Elm Street. Cunningham’s franchise was just pure blood and sensationalism, whilst Craven’s was more interested in the subtle nuances of terror, and symbolism. Last House could, I suppose, be said to balance those elements.

Keri: Yeah I guess so – LHOTL was where two different disciplines got going. It’s notably not a bloody film, either – a bit like Texas Chain Saw. You assume it’s grisly, but it’s assumption only.

Ben: That said – I gather it wasn’t an uncut version we saw, nor was it uncut when I saw it however-many years ago. I’ve seen clips which showed intestines being pulled out, and that moment definitely wasn’t in there.

Keri: Ah, yes, I remember you saying about this on the night… Still, considering the screentime many slashers dedicate to gore, it’s still a case of less is more generally. (Slashers as an example of what followed, of course.)

Ben: It’s more about the psychological cruelty. I don’t think it has quite that same relentless heart-thumping quality that Chain Saw has – but I think it tops it in sheer mean-spiritedness.

Keri: ‘Mean spirited’ is a good description.

Ben: I mean, the one really horrible moment that sticks in my head is Krug saying “piss your pants.”

Keri: Yeah – humiliating someone, that always has more of an impact than anything else. And of course Hess does it so well.

Ben: Oh yeah. Again falling into horror geek mode (kinda hard not to, what can I say), one can sort of see the roots of Craven’s Freddy Kruger there, in that for all his repulsiveness there’s something strangely, unnervingly compelling and attractive about him. (Plus the fact that the name ‘Kruger’ was indeed derived from ‘Krug.’ Dig that, trivia fans.)

Keri: Gravitas, definitely. And then he went on to more or less play the same role again in The House on the Edge of the Park, so he cornered the market there.

Ben: And of course he did the music too – the gentler, more haunting stuff as well as the comedy Chas & Dave number. The soundtrack seems to have almost as big a cult reputation as the film itself in recent years.

Keri: It was cool to see a LHOTL merch stall at the cinema! There’s something so cool about incongruous horror soundtracks. I’ve been humming ‘The Road Leads to Nowhere’ for days…

Ben: I thought it was ‘the road to nowhere ends in Leeds…’ Thank you, I’m here all week. But seriously, I agree! Far better than the crash-bang-wallop soundtracks we so often get nowadays; soothing music against horrific material can have such an eerie effect.

Alas we’re running low on time, so we best wrap this up simply: when all ‘s said and done, did you like Last House on the Left?

Keri: I did. I thought it had more going on than I’d anticipated, and above all else it was great to see the film as it was intended – a late night screening at a cinema, so kudos to Cigarette Burns for making it so.

Ben: Agreed. Getting to see a film from a pre-video era in its original format, and on a big screen, is a sadly rare treat these days, and one we should embrace when the opportunity arises. While my feelings remain mixed about the film itself, I’m definitely grateful for the experience.

Keri: Amen to that!

Cigarette Burns’ Last House on the Left tour continues with screenings at Duke of York’s, Brighton on the 13th September; Cameo, Edinburgh on the 18th; the Showroom, Sheffield on the 23rd (in association with Celluloid Screams); and the GFT in Glasgow on the 30th.

* If you think this is childish, you should have heard how loudly we sniggered when the end credits revealed the father was played by an actor named ‘Gaylord.’