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By Tristan Bishop

Welcome to the first of a new series in which yours truly will be sifting through the dregs of cinematic endeavour in the vague hope of finding gold (or at the very least something mildly amusing). I’ll be covering mostly horror, but also action, exploitation, sci-fi and some of the stranger genre hybrids I come across.

Speaking of hybrids, I’m starting off with Raw Force, an American/Filipino co-production from 1982. Your interest may be piqued by the alternative title, Kung Fu Cannibals, an alternate title it shares with Tsui Hark’s nearly as mental 1980 We Are Going To Eat You. In fact, whilst it may not have been directly inspired by Hark’s aforementioned film, it does appear to be a spin on the horror kung fu comedies that were coming out of Hong Kong in its wake, notably Sammo Hung’s excellent Encounters Of The Spooky kind, although, as you may expect, it is somewhat lacking in the technical finesse and tightly choreographed action of those golden age HK films.

I’m not entirely certain where the film is set – ‘The Orient’ seems to be the closest I can get. However we are introduced to a small army of characters, members of, believe it or not, The Burbank Karate Club – a bunch of moustachioed idiots on a cruise around, well, somewhere, along with some foxy ladies (at least one of whom, going by the name of Cookie, is a secret member of the LAPD SWAT team). They are joined by a kung-fu master cook who dreams of opening a Chinese restaurant, and the grizzled ship captain, played by Cameron Mitchell (bad movie buffs know they are in for a treat when old Cam’s name appears in the credits for any film made after 1964). The film then spends a living age with these characters getting drunk at nightclubs, fighting amongst themselves, and bedding each other (there is a LOT of nudity in this), until they plot course for Warrior Island, a place that the guidebook describes as the home of disgraced fighters. Unfortunately Warrior Island is a very odd place, populated by crazed monks who exchange vast quantities of jade for trafficked girls who they use to feed the zombie martial artists who roam the beaches. In addition to this, the gangsters who control the jade/girl trade, who appear to have Hitler as their leader, aren’t too keen on having a shipload of visitors to Warrior Island, and so the scene is set for a stand-off between the holiday-makers, the gangsters, the monks and the zombie warriors.

Sounds great doesn’t it? Well…It is. Sort of. Nothing about Raw Force could actually be called ‘good’, but it is at least consistently entertaining. The acting is awful, the script frequently ludicrous, the action occasionally impressive but nowhere near the level of the Hong Kong flicks it is trying to ape, there’s hardly any gore at all, and the zombie make-up mostly consists of white paint. However Raw Force has that irresistible forward thrust that the best bad films have – you genuinely have no idea what level of weirdness to expect next, and it keeps you glued to the screen. I constantly found myself asking whether director Edward Murphy (no, not THAT one) intended the film to be quite as ludicrous as it is (at one point, when the villains board the ship, an announcement over the tannoy exclaims “please remain in your cabins, the ship has been boarded by maniacs”) – there’s an obvious intended comedic element, but the execution is so bizarre it’s impossible to tell how much of this was down to intention and how much to incompetence.

Some things to note – Director Murphy (who sadly only directed one more film) played 12 different characters (!) over the course of ten years on the TV show Law & Order, and yes, that is Filipino trash movie veteran Vic Diaz, given sod all to do as a hilarious grinning, clapping monk, straight out of a Monty Python sketch.

Raw Force is currently missing in action on DVD – Code Red were planning to release it a couple of years back (they even had commentaries recorded) but the rumour is that the producer was in jail and they could not secure a negative! There are numerous grey market DVDR releases available in the States however (mastered from VHS I believe), and at the time of writing, some kindly soul has uploaded it onto YouTube, complete with dodgy video tracking for that complete 1982 experience. Whichever way you can get to see it, Raw Force should be required viewing for all fans of z-grade cinema.

By Ben Bussey

How many billions of conversations in playgrounds/pubs/online forums and so forth have been spawned by the timeless question, “if x and y got in a fight, who would win?” How many scenarios have been played out in the imaginations of fans all over the world, picturing their favourite characters co-existing in the same story world, whether beating the living crap out of one another, doing battle side by side, or getting down to business…? Well, okay, slash fiction may not have quite made the transition to the big screen just yet, but the utterly ridiculous box office takings of The Avengers would seem to indicate that the public taste for spectacular crossover movies is at an all-time high, hence we can look forward to more Avengers, Batman vs. Superman, and almost certainly more besides in the near future.

Is it fair to say it all began a decade ago, when two of the biggest names in 80s horror crossed blades in the same movie for the first, and to date last time…?

I have to tell you, I’m really feeling the years with this one. Writing some of these retrospectives, it’s not hard to accept how long it’s been since the film in question was released. But Freddy vs. Jason… it really does seem like only yesterday. How clearly I recall that weekend in August 2003; visiting a dear old friend (my future best man) in Sheffield, and dragging him (somewhat unwillingly, I suspect) to every nearby cinema in order to see it, only to find it was sold out everywhere; thereafter, getting back to my then-home of Liverpool that Sunday evening, and proceeding to drag my (even less willing) bride-to-be to a late show at what was then the UGC on Edge Lane.

The screen was packed, the crowd was rowdy, and there was barely a moment’s quiet during the movie; under normal circumstances this would almost certainly have pissed me off royally, but in this instance it all felt perfectly in tune with proceedings. From the beginning, it was clear this was not a horror movie inviting the audience to sit back, stroke their chins and get all contemplative. This was a scream, shout, cheer, throw your popcorn in the air kind of movie, and that was very much how the crowd at the UGC reacted that night; everyone seemed to be on the same page, enjoying it in just the same way. I look back on it as being truly one of the best cinema experiences of my life.

This being the case, it wasn’t until I saw the movie again a few days later, in a mid-afternoon show with a much smaller audience, that I came to fully realise just what a deeply flawed movie Freddy vs. Jason really is. And yet these are all flaws I’m still able to overlook a decade on, such is my affection for this movie.

Spoilers ahead, naturally…

A Friday the 13th/Nightmare on Elm Street crossover movie is one of those ideas that seems to have been floating around forever, one which any number of people want to take credit for. There’s no real mystery as to why it took so long to materialise: Paramount Pictures owned Jason Voorhees, New Line Cinema owned Freddy Krueger, and neither kid was willing to let the other borrow their best toy. The ball didn’t really get rolling until New Line acquired the rights to Jason, and made Jason Goes To Hell: the Final Friday in 1993. Yeah, never quite understood why the first thing New Line did after acquiring the character was ostensibly kill him off. Of course, that movie did end with a fan-pleasing shot of Jason’s vacant hockey mask being dragged underground by Freddy’s gauntlet, leaving audiences in no doubt as to what was to come – even if it didn’t come until a full decade later. (There was also Jason X in 2001, but given the future setting, it’s in no way referenced in FvJ; nor, unsurprisingly, is the meta-tastic Wes Craven’s New Nightmare.)

Once the legal red tape was out of the way, there was the not insignificant issue of coming up with a narrative that would bring the characters together in a way that didn’t seem too utterly ridiculous. There were a shitload of different treatments and scripts floating around, some of which can be found if you’re inclined to do so, but I think the premise they settled on was probably as good a hook as they could have found: our old frenemy Freddy Krueger (Robert Englund, playing his signature role for what promises to be the last time) is trapped in movie villain limbo, having been long since forgotten by the children of his old slashing ground, Springwood. In a somewhat Jungian twist, it turns out the source of Freddy’s power is his legend; as a scary story the local kids would tell one another around campfires or at sleepovers, Freddy reigned supreme in the collective unconscious. Their fear gave him his strength, and that kept him alive. Nifty, eh? Wait until they get to all that primal symbolism jazz about Freddy dying by fire and Jason by water. But don’t worry, if Jung’s not your bag there’s plenty of considerably less intellectual stuff around the corner.

In another smart move which acknowledges the sizeable gap between movies, it transpires that the elders of Springwood have long since gotten wise to the nature of Krueger’s power; they’ve supressed his legend through strong-armed censorship, plus the strategic ferreting out of undesirables who are then reprogrammed via illegal pharmaceutical means. (Yep, authority figures infringing on civil liberties, for the people’s own good… and this was only 2003.) The illegal drug in question is Hypnocil; yes, Freddy fans, that’s the dream suppressant prescribed to the kids in Part 3. The ‘crazy’ kids of FvJ are even in the same institution – Westin Hills. (References to widely acknowledged best sequel = instant fan credibility.) So, trapped on the other side, how can Freddy get back in the game? By spreading the fear once again – and who better to do that than the mindless, machete-swinging meathead of the apparently-nearby rural community Crystal Lake. Working his dream mojo on the slumbering indestructible hulk, Freddy sends Jason off to Springwood to wreak havoc.

Of course, there may have been trouble in paradise for some fans already, for – as that synopsis alone indicates – there would seem to be a definite narrative bias in favour of Freddy. Is this because it’s a New Line production, and Freddy was their baby, whilst Jason was merely their disadvantaged foster child? Perhaps. Or it might just be because, comparatively speaking, there isn’t really all that much you can do with Jason. As iconic as the two characters are, and as much as they do compliment one another, they’re pretty far removed in their overall approach, what with Jason being a silent, plodding, mindless killer, and Freddy being the scheming, wisecracking supervillain. Having Freddy manipulate Jason via his dreams was an entirely sensible move; more curious is how this approach tends to promote Jason as a figure of sympathy. Sure, it makes sense that we might feel sorry for him, given the hand he was dealt; disfigurement, social rejection, drowning, domineering mother who wound up getting decapitated. The fact that he died a child whilst Freddy is a child killer provides yet another parallel between the characters; in fact, if I’ve read correctly an earlier script had Freddy actually being one of the camp counsellors who let him drown, and may also have molested him. Still, Jason’s victim card can’t be played too heavily, given this movie sees him rack up one of his highest body counts: at least twenty-two, including Freddy at the climax (though, of course, neither of them can really be said to have died), and Odessa Munroe’s skinny dipper, who turns out to be a part of Jason’s own dream.

Ah yes, the opening scene skinny dip… okay, technically it’s not the first scene in the movie, given the Freddy-centric prologue, but for the moment that kick-starts the narrative to give us nudity almost automatically; if ever there was a clear declaration of intent made in a horror movie, it’s that. Tawdry and obvious? Absolutely, and that’s exactly the point. One thing we have to bear in mind is, when Freddy vs. Jason arrived in 2003, horror was in a rather strange place. Indeed, I’d go so far as to say it was facing a potentially greater threat than the Hays Code, the Video Recordings Act and the PMRC put together. Yes, horror was in grave danger of becoming… whisper it… respectable. The huge success of The Blair Witch Project and The Sixth Sense, along with awards nods aplenty for the latter, resulted in both a mainstream popularity and a highbrow acceptance that the genre arguably hadn’t known for some time, with the ‘less is more’ sensibility catching on like wildfire; the rise of J-horror also played no small part in that.

The real joy of Freddy vs Jason, then, is how it cast all that aside and went back to the time-honoured 80s approach of showing everything, and often. I daresay it was almost certainly the goriest mainstream studio movie ever released at the time (though Final Destination 2 made a good stab at it earlier that year, and Kill Bill Vol. 1 probably outdid it two months later). Bodies folded in half, heads splattered, chest cavities gushing like hosepipes, chunks of flesh flying left and right – is it any wonder audiences whooped and cheered? Furthermore, is it any wonder how receptive the studios were toward graphic gore in the years that followed (coughtorturepornahem)?

The movie’s really alive when the arterial spray hits the screen. And in the two scenes when Freddy and Jason finally do battle – the last twenty minutes in particular… my face still aches just remembering how hard I smiled on first viewing. The Hong Kong style that director Ronny Yu brings fits the action like a knife-laden glove; the way it all builds from a high energy wrestling-esque spectacle, into almost a live-action Tom and Jerry as they swing on chains and pelt one another with lethal implements from on high. Then how it finally devolves into a relentlessly bloody blade-augmented no holds barred brawl, the two slasher icons gradually taking each other apart piece by piece, literally… all that’s missing is Freddy saying “you didn’t get me down, Jason.” Truly, it’s the stuff of every 80s horror child’s dreams.

But that’s when the movie is on form. Now for the rest of it, starting with… the teen ensemble. Oh, sweet lord, the teen ensemble.

Now, allow me to say in opening on this – I do not by any means hate any of these actors. Some of them, indeed, I actively admire: Katharine Isabelle, obviously (more on whom later); Monica Keena I quite enjoyed in the Night of the Demons remake (yes, I do mean for her acting, not just her torso); I dug Christopher Marquette in Fanboys; and Brendan Fletcher actually gives a really pretty good performance here, being blessed with one of the better roles as the sardonic Westin Hills inmate Mark. However, put them all together, give them that script, and throw in a few very, very weak links, and you wind up with – no word of exaggeration – the single most annoying bunch of teens in the history of both the Friday the 13th and Nightmare on Elm Street franchises. Yes, I’m well aware that’s saying a hell of a lot. This gang really is that bad. And the lion’s share of the blame has to fall on writers Damien Shannon and Mark Swift (with a side order of shame for uncredited script doctor David Goyer). The script emphasises this unengaging, largely unsympathetic pack of fucktards, fleshing out tedious subplot after tedious subplot, filling their mouths with horrendously overwritten dialogue – and all at the expense of the title characters, who wind up supporting players in their own damn film.

Like I say, I don’t hold all the actors entirely at fault; the ones I mentioned beforehand are doing what they can to make it work. But seriously, what were they thinking with Kyle Labine (incidentally, brother of Tyler Labine from Tucker and Dale versus Evil)? If they wanted Jason Mewes, why not just get Jason Mewes? And Jason Ritter… just no. He’s just too feeble, he doesn’t remotely convince as would-be romantic hero Will. But those guys are Sir Laurence Fucking Olivier by comparison with the worst, most annoying performer in the ensemble, giving almost certainly the single least likeable performance in the history of the Freddy and Jason movies… Kelly Fucking Rowland. Jesus Tittyfucking Christ, it’s like nails on a chalkboard every time she opens her mouth. Maybe they thought making her alternately utter “fuck” and “y’all” every other word would make her seem – I dunno – real. All it succeeds in doing is making her really, really, unbelievably annoying and impossible to care about. And yes, that is a problem. Sure, some characters in slashers are deliberately annoying so we’ll get some joy out of seeing them killed, but that isn’t how they play it here. We’re supposed to care who makes it out of there alive in the final reel, when in fact all we want to do is see them get the fuck out of the way so we can concentrate on messrs. Voorhees and Krueger battering the bejesus out of one another. Subsequently, when Rowland meets her inevitable demise, it just feels like an afterthought.

All this being the case, Katharine Isabelle kind of lucked out by getting killed off early…

And this is where it gets a bit ugly, as while I may look back on Freddy vs. Jason with much fondness, it’s hard to imagine Katharine Isabelle does, and it’s hard not to remark that the film probably didn’t do her career any big favours. When I got to meet Ms Isabelle in Sheffield on the American Mary UK tour early this year, I opted not to broach the subject of Freddy vs. Jason as much for expediency as anything else, but one remark she made in the post-screening Q&A did stand out to me. Asked whether she feared typecasting in bad girl roles, she replied (and I’m going from memory here, so I apologise if I’m paraphrasing) “good girls are boring twats.” If we’re in an unforgiving mood, that would seem a fairly apt description of Lori, Freddy vs. Jason’s final girl played by Monica Keena – and, up until quite late in the day, the role Katharine Isabelle was supposed to be playing.

In the wake of Ginger Snaps, Isabelle was shit-hot, hence New Line wanted her heading up their horror flagship. However, somewhere down the line it was decided she would be a better fit for the bad girl Gibb, and so that was the part she wound up playing, without any real choice in the matter. This also meant she was suddenly expected to do a nude scene; something she remains unwilling to do to this day, and why the hell not. Naturally she refused, hence a body double appears from a weird bird’s-eye view angle in the obligatory gratuitous (not a contradiction in terms here) shower scene. But her refusal to bend to the will of her superiors surely didn’t go unnoticed, not to mention how openly she spoke about her treatment and her overall disappointment with the film not long thereafter. Keeping in mind it was so soon after Ginger Snaps, in which Isabelle did such fantastic work with such a meaty role, it’s hard not to feel a bit pained watching her go through the motions in a fairly thankless slasher victim part. Even so, her comedic gifts do shine through here and there; take her wonderfully OTT reaction to the first bed-folding murder.

Nor was that the only casting controversy, given long-running Jason actor Kane Hodder was dumped for Ken Kirzinger, and the original Mrs. Voorhees Betsy Palmer declined to return after New Line refused to pay her above basic SAG minimum; not the best deal for someone who played a major role in launching the Friday the 13th franchise. If I’m not mistaken, Jason Ritter was also a late substitution for Brad Renfro, owing surely to the drug problems which would sadly end the young actor’s life not long thereafter.

Put all these problems to one side, though, and Freddy vs. Jason remains a very enjoyable film; I’d rank it in my personal top five of both the Friday and Nightmare franchises. I’d also argue that it’s a pivotal movie in modern horror – for better or worse. First off, along with Alien vs. Predator the next year, it brought back crossover movies – and you just know someone at Marvel was sitting up and taking notice. On top of which, it brought back tits and gore in a big way, demonstrating that explicit was the way to go, and thereby paving the way for the torture movies. Also, it closed the book on the two behemoth 80s horror franchises (both of which were rebooted in the years ahead). Yet in doing so – and making big money in the process, more than recouping its $30 million budget almost overnight – it also demonstrated, hand in hand with that fucking Platinum Dunes Texas Chainsaw remake, how easily new takes on the horror movies of yesteryear could be sold to a modern audience. Freddy vs. Jason might have been, in its own way, bold, risky, and even experimental for a mainstream movie, but it played a part in ushering in the nauseatingly risk-averse, lowest common denominator-friendly horror remake boom, from which we’re still struggling to escape the fallout a decade on. And that’s just from one movie; imagine what might have happened had Sam Raimi let them make Freddy vs. Jason vs. Ash next, and/or if Dimension had managed to get their hastily-planned Pinhead vs. Michael Myers movie off the ground…

But once again, while there’s plenty we can criticise Freddy vs. Jason for, there can’t be many horror fans who lived through the 1980s that don’t still get just a little bit of a buzz from the mere idea of the two greatest killers of the era having a fight. It may be childish, it may be dumb, and maybe we should know better than to enjoy it; but we can say that about of a hell of a lot of horror, can’t we? And would we really want it any other way…?

By Tristan Bishop

Picture the scene – a cinema in a seaside town. The year is 1998, and you are in the audience for a midnight showing of a film which has been virtually unavailable for the best part of 20 years. You’ve heard about this film, of course – the entire audience has. Most of what you have heard is hearsay, rumour, but that doesn’t matter – this is the stuff of legend. You’ve perhaps heard that the film was banned in the UK, forbidden by the Catholic Church. Perhaps you’ve heard reports of the hysteria that accompanied the original screenings – fainting, vomiting, people being rushed to hospital. Of course you want to see this – the film’s reputation as forbidden fruit precedes it. This is a midnight showing, and it’s sold-out, the audience visibly and audibly excited, ready to be scared within an inch of their lives.

But something unexpected happens. The audience quickly realise they are watching a film that is 25 years old. A film from the 70s – this audience is young, mostly in their early twenties, this isn’t for them – they laugh at the fashions, the hairstyles, the dialogue, and the effects. They came expecting shrieking terror, instead they got history.

It’s understandable, of course. Your average cinema-goer isn’t all that interested in film history, or placing a work in context, and there’s no reason that they should – they go for entertainment. But in the case of The Exorcist (as with most films from 20 or more years ago) a bit of background can really help.

We can really start in 1967, the Summer of Love. Hippie counter-culture was making waves across the globe, a whole generation was turning on, tuning in and dropping out, celebrating peace and love and togetherness. Of course, it didn’t last long – by the early days of 1970 the dream was over, killed off by Altamont, Vietnam and hard drugs, but the seeds of destruction had always been there – at the height of the hippie bloom an increased interest in occult and hermetic knowledge had resulted in a public which was more terrified than ever by the perceived threat of evil. The devil was waiting outside the door, and perhaps people were interested in inviting him in.

It was then that, alongside the incredibly prolific Dennis Wheatley, that a book by Ira Levine, entitled Rosemary’s Baby, became a massive success (selling over 4 million copies that year alone). As usual with a successful work of fiction, it was brought to the screen – the ever-canny William Castle purchasing the rights even before publication, and with his courting of Roman Polanski (at that time the darling of the arthouse crowd) as director, the film had a massive impact, a thrilling injection of real darkness at a time when horror films, still perceived as kiddie material, were still trying to claw themselves out of the 1950s. It’s no accident that Night Of The Living Dead was also released in 1968, a year zero for the ‘modern’ horror film.

Flash forward to 1971 now, and writer William Peter Blatty, already with 12 years of published writing under his belt, penned The Exorcist – based on a ‘real life’ case from 1949. Blatty changed the sex of the possessed child as the real case was a young boy, and amongst the expected artistic embellishments he added a prologue with Father Merrin, one of the main characters, uncovering a statue of the demon Pazuzu himself in Iraq. Interestingly enough, Merrin was based on General Lankaster Harding (Merrin’s first name is Lankaster), an archaeologist involved in the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, who was an acquaintance of Blatty’s.

The book was a huge hit, and of course was immediately optioned for a major film, with Blatty adapting it from his own novel. Unfortunately the production was not an easy one – and the producers approached Arthur Penn, Peter Bogdanovich, Mike Nichols, Mark Rydell, John Boorman, and even Stanley Kubrick to direct – all of whom turned it down because of the material or the challenge of working on a film hinging on the performance of a child. Boorman even went so far as to accuse the script of ‘cruelty to children’, although one wonders if he may have regretted this decision, as he went on to direct Exorcist II: The Heretic.

Eventually the job went to William Friedkin. Blatty had been a big fan of The French Connection (1971), citing the energy of that film as the reason he pushed for Friedkin to be onboard. Casting was equally difficult, with both Jack Nicholson and Stacy Keach considered for the role of Father Karras before the role eventually went to Jason Miller, after Friedkin spotted him in a play. The director also vetoed Marlon Brando for the role of Merrin, fearing his star power too great, and instead cast Max Von Sydow, best known then for his roles in Bergman dramas. The casting of the young girl Regan was equally fraught, but eventually went to the relatively unknown Linda Blair. With the cast and crew finally assembled, work began in earnest. The production was originally scheduled to last for 85 days, but, due mostly to Friedkin’s perfectionism and ‘unusual’ methods, ended up as 224.

The stories around the making of the film are legendary, from on-set fires causing the main sets to be rebuilt, to Linda Blair and Ellen Burstyn both being injured after being pulled too hard in harnesses. Burstyn’s real screams of pain are left in the film (the scene where she is slapped by Regan), but Friedkin went even further to maximise his cast’s discomfort – he slapped Reverend Williiam O’Malley across the face before an emotional scene, let off a gun on set to unnerve Jason Miller, and even built the bedroom set inside a giant freezer so that the actor’s breath could be seen onscreen (an effect much easier to produce in these days of CGI!). The uneasy atmosphere caused by these occurrences lead many of the crew to believe the film itself was cursed, and indeed Jack MacGowran, who played Burke Dennings, died before the film was completed. Legend has it that the set was blessed by priests several times during production.

These were not the only techniques that Friedkin used. He hired veteran radio actor Mercedes McCambridge (previously seen in Jess Franco’s women-in-prison ‘classic’ 99 Women) to voice Pazuzu, his original technique of manipulating Linda Blair’s voice deemed not dramatic enough; this was a masterstroke, as the voice sounds genderless but powerful and threatening. He also pioneered the use of mixing layers of sound (apparently including slaughterhouse footage) to create unease, and, most controversially, the use of ‘subliminal’ images, such as the now-famous ‘face of Pazuzu’ scattered throughout the film.

Fittingly for a film so steeped in Christian lore, the film was released on Boxing Day 1973, and drew some extremely mixed criticism from the mainstream press. Stanley Kauffmann, Gene Siskel and Variety magazine all heaped praise upon it, whilst The New York Times called it ‘practically impossible to sit through’. My favourite piece of negative criticism comes from Jon Landau in Rolling Stone however – “nothing more than a religious porn film – The gaudiest piece of schlock this side of Cecil B DeMille”.

The mixed notices did little to harm the film however, with $66 million dollars in revenue for the original domestic release making it the second biggest grossing box office that year, next to The Sting (which, ironically, has become increasingly forgotten over the years). This was helped of course by reports of people fainting during the film, and ambulances being on standby outside theatres, although how much of this is truth and how much clever publicity has been difficult to gauge over the years.

With that success came, of course, came the imitators. The devil was out in force, and, as always, the Italians were first to jump on the bandwagon, releasing Beyond The Door in 1974, followed by a figurative projectile-vomit of Exorcist clones, such as The Antichrist, Eerie Midnight Horror Show and The House Of Exorcism (actually a hatchet-job on Mario Bava’s surreal and creepy Lisa And The Devil, re-edited and with added ‘Exorcism’ scenes). Blaxploitation take-off Abby also turned up in 1974, and was quickly buried under litigation from Warner Bros, although it’s worth watching for the only ‘disco exorcism’ on film. Even the Turkish got on board with Seytan (also 1974), an oddly Islamic slant on a very Christian idea. The Exorcist even paved the way for the equally successful devil movie the Omen (1976) and attendant sequels.

There were official sequels too, although each appeared only after long gaps of time. First came Exorcist II: The Heretic in 1979, directed by the aforementioned John Boorman, which is an unholy, occasionally hilarious mess of a film, and not recommended unless you want to watch Richard Burton hitting rock bottom. The Exorcist 3 (1990) was much better – Blatty took the directorial reigns on this one and proved himself the right man for the job, using brave cinematic techniques such as uninterrupted long shots to heighten the sense of unease. Unfortunately in 2004 the usually excellent Paul Schrader made a prequel entitled Dominion, which studio execs hated. Though completed, his project was shelved, and Renny Harlin (of all people!) was brought in to make a more commercial prospect entitled Exorcist: the Beginning, which, predictably, was universally panned. The studio eventually gave in to public pressure and released Schrader’s version of the film. Unfortunately this also went down like a lead balloon, despite having the slight artistic edge.

Contrary to popular misconception The Exorcist was never banned in the UK. There were protests by the Christian group The Festival Of Light, who also objected to such enduring works as The Devils and Straw Dogs, but it was released – surprisingly uncut – with an X certificate by the BBFC. Stephen Murphy of the BBFC was quoted at the time as saying “It is a powerful horror movie. Some people may dislike it, but that is not a sufficient reason for refusing certification” (a rare example of the pre-2000 BBFC making an informed, balanced decision there!)

Much of the film’s ‘banned’ legend status instead came with the advent of home video and the subsequent ‘video nasties’ debacle. The film was briefly available in the lawless early days of home video, but after moral panic set in Warner Bros decided not to resubmit it for video classification. It’s probably testament to the power and reception of the film on release that the general public assumed a ban had occurred. However, the UK cinema re-release at the end of the 20th century proved that there was money to be made, and then finally we could see the film in the comfort of our own homes.

So, there are few horror films with such convoluted history and production as the Exorcist. In many ways it can be seen as the victim of its own hype, success, and, for some time, unavailability, with scenes like those at the start of this article played out on its re-release across the UK. However, Friedkin’s film stands on its own merits, as a well-made, visceral shocker, and remains the benchmark against which the devil’s works are judged.

By Oliver Longden

Clowns; the number one entertainment career of choice for serial killers, potential serial killers and people who just hate children. Whether you’re afraid of clowns like many normal people or sexually attracted to them as I am, there’s no mistaking the fact that a clown in its natural environment is about as funny as a long weekend with Michael Gove whispering right wing nothings in your ear while he gently spoons you in an uncomfortably small bunk bed. When professional clown John Wayne Gacy turned out to have a nasty habit of raping and murdering children it didn’t come as a surprise so much as a confirmation of everything people always suspected about the greasepaint and confetti brigade. Clowns are and always have been fucking horrifying.

The clowns in Killer Klowns from Outer Space aren’t all that scary when compared to the Joker, the clown from IT, Patch Adams and every single real life clown you’ve ever seen. Unlike real world clowns (and Patch Adams) they are actually quite funny. The Killer Klowns of the title are aliens who have come down to Earth in a space ship shaped like a big top and go on a circus themed rampage across small town America. Along the way there are horrific parodies of all manner of traditional clown acts, from the tiny clown car to the old custard pie to the kisser. A small group of misfits struggles to fight against the clowns whilst waving their arms about and delivering performances I might charitably describe as extremely enthusiastic.

Killer Klowns is a good time movie that only occasionally tries to be a horror film. It has become a cult classic in the 25 years since it was released simply because it feels a lot like a movie about murderous space clowns ought to feel. If you spent five minutes sketching out the sort of things you might expect to find in a film about psychotic clowns from space the chances are you’d come up with at least half the things that are in Killer Klowns from Outer Space. This is a film that’s on the same wavelength as its audience. It’s a movie that wants you to relax, have a few beers, have a few more beers and finish that bottle of Pernod some weirdo abandoned at your last party. You’re here to have fun and fun will be provided. It might make you cringe on occasion but that’s all part of the raucous cacophony of hoopla that is Killer Klowns from Outer Space. It helps that the film starts out on a strong footing with a bouncy title track written by goofy LA punks The Dickies. It’s enormously infectious and really sets the tone of the film nicely.

The directors and writers of Killer Klowns, the Chiodo brothers are more famously known as special effects people being responsible for the creature design of Critters (surely about twenty minutes work with a tribble and some false teeth) as well as working on Team America: World Police with Trey Parker and Matt Stone. Their background shows; the special effects are a masterclass in doing a little with even less, pure joy to a relentless CGI hating luddite like myself. The performances range from hammy to downright ludicrous which fits the material like a glove. There’s a particularly nice turn from perennial film arsehole John Vernon (Dirty Harry, Animal House) playing the town’s ridiculously angry sheriff. It’s a character who would be wildly unbelievable were he not being played by John Vernon, a man who could have played Lassie in a way that made people want to punch her right in her stupid dog face. There aren’t too many other names you’re likely to recognise although there are some faces that might be hauntingly familiar from minor roles in the background of television shows like CSI Miami.

Killer Klowns from Outer Space is not a film that deserves to be remembered because it is particularly influential. It’s not well acted or well directed, and the special effects aren’t even particularly good. The design of the Klowns themselves aren’t all that impressive and the sets towards the end of the film are little more than cardboard shapes on a black sound stage that evoke the weird impressionist non-sets in the third series of the 1960s Batman. The film comes from a long line of light-hearted B-movie shockers like The Ape Man and Bucket of Blood that trade more on chutzpah than technical sophistication. It’s just one of those low budget films that simply works because it isn’t trying too hard. In a world where Michael Bay feels it necessary to bore the shit out an audience for more than two and half hours to tell the story of some robots who really want to punch some other robots, films like Killer Klowns from Outer Space are starting to feel like lost classics. Killer Klowns from Outer Space land on Earth, fuck shit up, the end. What’s not to like?

By Ben Bussey

Warning: spoilers, sideboob and man-ass ahead…

‘Sex sells.’ The old maxim has always rung true, and no doubt always will. However, back in the 1990s that time-honoured notion was taken to an altogether different level. The major movie studios had not yet developed that obsession with making everything PG-13/12A rated, so a great many of the decade’s biggest hits carried restrictive ratings, and in many cases these ratings were to do with sexual content. Quite why this was, who can say; no doubt there’s an argument in there that a certain President Clinton and Monica Lewinsky might have had something to do with it. Either way, this was the decade that saw Sharon Stone become one of the biggest stars in the world on the back of her leg-crossing, Michael Douglas-straddling turn in Paul Verhoeven’s Basic Instinct, the massive box office success of which sparked a slew of similarly sweaty mainstream movies like Sliver, Body of Evidence, Disclosure and so on.

But, by the mid-90s, the age of the ‘erotic’ blockbuster seemed to be already drawing to a close. It was all too easy to mock the absurdity of the movies, and the narcissism of the stars; this was around the time when Dennis Pennis prompted TV viewers to piss themselves with laughter by asking Demi Moore whether, if it was not gratuitous and tastefully done, she would consider keeping her clothes on in a movie. Following the one-two punch of the much-derided Showgirls (1995) and Striptease (1996), Hollywood began to shy away from softcore, leaving it to crawl back to the direct-to-video market with the likes of the Poison Ivy series. Sure, Kubrick’s swansong Eyes Wide Shut came in 1999, which had at least a hint of mass appeal thanks to the presence of the not-yet-divorced Cruise and Kidman, but its art house alienation tactics never stood a chance of winning over a wider audience (and I’d wager we’ll be able to say much the same of Von Trier’s Nymphomaniac later this year). By my estimation, the real last gasp for 90s multiplex erotica came with the John McNaughton-directed film which hit UK cinemas on 15th May 1998. Not necessarily the kind of film we might have expected from the guy who made Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer, it was a glossy, big budget thriller with a name cast, boasting a complex plot driven by multiple protagonists. It was also positively oozing with thick, hot sleaze from every pore on its leathery-suntanned skin.

The movie was Wild Things, and for a generation of hormonally charged adolescents (and many older viewers too no doubt), it made our hearts sing. Bad pun, I know. But this is the movie in which a short-shorts clad Denise Richards goes to Matt Dillon’s house to wash his car and asks him where his hose is, so forgive me for not being too concerned with subtlety or good taste here. Indeed, subtlety and taste were not all that high on Hollywood’s list of priorities in the 90s – if they never have been, really…

It all starts out like any story one might have seen recounted on Jerry Springer at the time. In the affluent Florida town of Blue Bay, scandal breaks out when respected school counsellor Sam Lombardo (Matt Dillon) is accused of rape by high school cheerleader Kelly Van Ryan (Denise Richards), daughter of the town’s richest and subsequently most powerful woman, Sandra Van Ryan (Theresa Russell). Whether or not he’s guilty, we don’t know; but it’s immediately apparent that, guilty or not, he’s screwed, given the filthy rich always have the best lawyers, and all he can afford is strip mall shyster Ken Bowden (Bill fuckin’ Murray). Things look even bleaker when a second schoolgirl, trailer trash tearaway Suzie Toller (Neve Campbell), comes forward and claims Lombardo raped her too. But of course, things are not quite as simple as they might initially seem, and it soon transpires there’s a twist in the tale. And then there’s a twist in that tale. And then a twist in that tale. And so it goes; but not content with getting very twisty-turny, Wild Things is also keen to get naughty… real freaky-naughty…

It is interesting to note how mainstream representations of sex have changed since the 90s. After almost a decade of non-stop horror remakes and torture films, violence in mainstream cinema has almost certainly grown more extreme, whereas sex has been brushed to the side somewhat. If we look at the sauciest mainstream films of recent years, more often than not they tend to be comedies – the ‘Frat Pack’/Apatow films, the Hangovers and so forth – wherein the desires, fetishes and hang-ups of the characters are typically the source of the humour. Failing that, it might be the in-your-face aggressive sexuality showcased in Spring Breakers and Piranha 3D, which ultimately leads the characters into a world of hurt. In short, nowadays we seem happy to point and laugh at the sex drive, or see people punished for acting on it. So few mainstream movies nowadays are comfortable wading deep into sex and simply revelling in it, unrepentantly, with no ironic detachment or underlying morality. Wild Things does this with the best of them. It’s out-and-out sleazy and doesn’t care who knows it, and that’s the principle reason it’s so much fun.

From the very beginning this film makes no bones whatsoever about being an in-your-face raunch-fest, with its persistent droning saxophones on the soundtrack, scantily clad cast forever glistening with sweat, and constant sexual references in almost every dialogue exchange. The subject is on everyone’s minds from start to finish, young and old alike; the high school girls lust openly after their hunky guidance counsellor, while he quietly lusts after them back; the detectives investigating the case are often little more than legally protected Peeping Toms. Every conversation invariably comes around, sooner or later, to the subject of who the people in question are fucking, and/or who they were fucking, and/or who they’d like to be fucking, and in the few instances in which the subject is not broached directly there’s either an innuendo or a blunt vulgarity to fill the void. To use an suitable innuendo of my own, there’s very little beating around the proverbial bush here. Hell, the very first words we hear out of Denise Richards’ perpetually pouty lips are “fuck off.”

Watching the opening titles and looking at the poster art above, it seems strange now that Denise Richards doesn’t get her name above the title. Wild Things was sold most heavily on her presence at the time, and it’s remembered best for it since. And yes, when I say ‘her presence’ I do of course mean her breasts. There’s barely a moment she appears onscreen without the camera slowly, almost imperceptibly dipping and drawing in to perv on her shapely form. All this in spite of the fact that, really, her actual nude scenes are quite brief. Factor in the absence of any nudity from Neve Campbell, and despite the overall tone of pure sleaze, Wild Things is in fact not a very explicit film at all. Few seem to remember that the film’s most full-on sex scene occurs quite early on, and involves Theresa Russell’s iron-fisted matriarch. The notorious, pivotal ménage à trois scene is in truth pretty tame, fading to black before they really get to business without that much skin on show beforehand; likewise Richards and Campbell’s Dillon-less love scene later. Contrast these with the lengthy, comparatively unflinching mattress mambo sequences in Basic Instinct and Body of Evidence, and Wild Things isn’t really much to write home about. But this was 1998. The internet hadn’t really taken off yet, and as such hardcore pornography had not yet achieved the omnipresence it now knows. Subsequently, for a mainstream movie to showcase a threesome – even a brief, inexplicit and, it must be said, rather awkward and unnatural one – was a considerably bigger deal than it might necessarily be today.

True story: one of my housemates at university had a VHS copy of Wild Things which, whenever I borrowed it, was perpetually stopped at this point in the tape. Not that I had borrowed the tape to, ahem, review that specific scene myself or anything…

One of the most important things to note about Wild Things, however, is its sincerity. It is this quality above all else that makes it a considerably more genuine piece of exploitation than the vast majority of the oh-so-knowing pseudo-exploitation/grindhouse we see so much of these days (not that I want to start rabbiting on about that again). The plot gets tangled up in twist after twist, and everything gets increasingly ridiculous as the running time drags on – at almost two hours, Wild Things is undeniably a little overlong – yet for the duration it is played almost entirely straight. Sure, they’re having some fun with it, but crucially they’re never making fun of it; not even Bill Murray, who, though cast primarily as the comic relief, plays his big courtroom drama scene straight enough to do Matlock proud.

However, no one comes off as taking it quite so seriously as Neve Campbell. As we’ve seen since the Scream series ended (I don’t count that fourth instalment – hell, I’d rather not count the third either), over the years she has retreated increasingly to smaller, more dramatic indie fare than the sort of mainstream stuff in which she made her name. Taking the comparatively edgy role of bisexual bad girl Suzie would seem to be intended as a step in that direction. But here’s the thing… Neve Campbell is awful in Wild Things. She really is. I hadn’t realised quite how bad she is in this film until revisiting it for this article. Every gesture, every movement, every attempt at a little quirk, the way she lifts her fist whenever threatened as though it’s her instinctive reaction – all of it comes off so painfully forced, it’s laughable. All that considered, it’s no surprise she looks even more uncomfortable in the pervy bits. However, the other thing is – for exploitation, that’s perfect. Historically, those appearing in exploitation films weren’t playing it for laughs the way most do today; there was no irony involved at all. They weren’t even conscious that what they were making was exploitation. They wanted to be taken seriously, and subsequently gave serious performances, and the fact that they failed miserably – hey presto, instant paracinema. So it is with Wild Things. But we can at least say that nothing Campbell does here is anywhere near as unconvincing as her English accent in The Glass Man. (Not that many people are likely to have seen that, as it still hasn’t had a wide release. To be honest, you’re not missing that much.)

Still, disregarding any concerns about how natural any of it is or how much celebrity skin is shown, Wild Things ensures that fans of hot lesbo action get their money’s worth. One area where the film does undeniably wimp out, however, is the relationship between Matt Dillon and Kevin Bacon’s characters. The big final revelation (wait, I’m wrong, I think there are at least two more revelations afterwards, it’s hard to keep up) that Lombardo and Detective Duquette are in fact in cahoots is easily the least credible of all the twists; unless, heaven forbid, the two of them might be into one another as well. Let’s face it, as soon as Dillon opens the shower door to be confronted with Bacon’s bacon (I know, I’m not the first and won’t be the last to make that joke), surely the first thing that crosses every viewer’s mind is that they must be lovers, particularly given that bisexuality and polyamory are central themes in the movie. That Wild Things stops short of showing this clearly indicates prejudices that still endure in popular culture: everyone likes a bit of girl-on-girl, but it’s no-way-José when it comes to guy-on-guy. Sad to say, I’m not sure things would be any different if they made the film today, even with the unflinching portrayal of gay sex on TV in the likes of True Blood and Game of Thrones. Let’s not forget, Brokeback Mountain might have got Ang Lee his first Oscar, but they wouldn’t let it have Best Picture. Not that Wild Things ever stood too great a chance of that particular accolade either, sad to say…

(Yes, I told you there’d be man-ass. If this bothers you, be aware that I could just as easily have posted a screenshot of Kevin Bacon’s cock from a few seconds later.)

So, was Wild Things the end of an era for the Hollywood sex film? Perhaps; perhaps not. Its overriding tone of unrepentant horniness may not be so prevalent in recent years, but its comparative under-emphasis on actual sex scenes and nudity might be seen as a precursor to the contemporary climate in which overtly sexual roles are frequently taken by actresses who refuse to appear naked on film (e.g. Jessica Alba in Sin City, Lindsay Lohan in I Know Who Killed Me). We should probably also note that Wild Things inspired a couple of direct-to-DVD sequels; while I haven’t seen these and have no plans to, their very existence underlines how much more comfortable the studios are with relegating smuttier material to the less discerning, less prestigious home market. Given this climate, I can’t deny a begrudging curiosity in how things progress with the Fifty Shades of Grey movie: if, as the rumour mill suggests, Universal succeed in luring a hitherto respectable cast and director for the inevitably dirty movie, and they do indeed make it as unflinchingly kinky as planned, the ramifications are interesting for mainstream sex films in the years ahead. But regardless of whether we see the return of shameless voyeurism and unapologetic sexploitation in big budget films, let us be thankful for films like Wild Things, and remind ourselves that we needn’t always be so shy about admitting what turns us on that we have to gloss over it with excessive irony. After all, as someone far more learned than myself once said, you can’t have an ironic wank.

By Oliver Longden

It is fair to say that time has not been kind to The Leopard Man. 70 years after its release it looks hokey, unevenly acted and has a twist ending that looms like a Titanic-sinking iceberg over the second half of the movie. Yet despite its flaws, or perhaps because the distance of history now lets us see them as historical curiosities, The Leopard Man retains a certain primitive power.

The Leopard Man is one of three films directed by Jacques Tourneur for creative producer Val Lewton at RKO pictures which are considered minor masterpieces of the B-movie form. The other two, Cat People and I Walked with Zombie (which also recently reached its 70th anniversary) are generally held to be superior to The Leopard Man, and it’s certainly fair to say that they have aged better than this movie. The Leopard Man concerns a leopard which escapes from captivity during a botched publicity stunt and a rash of murders which follow. They are thought to be the work of the escaped beast but Jerry Manning (Dennis O’Keefe), the promoter torn with guilt over his role in the failed publicity stunt, begins to suspect that other forces may be at work. He and his girlfriend, Kiki (Jean Brooks), the struggling cabaret entertainer who was with the leopard when it escaped, are sucked into the hunt for the animal. They are assisted in their attempt by Dr Galbraith, the man who runs the local museum in their New Mexico town. He takes on the role of all purpose man of science, a vital stock character in B-movie cinema.

The biggest weakness of The Leopard Man to modern eyes is that this a film ultimately about a serial killer, an antagonist supremely common in 21st century drama. Serial killers were little known in the 1940s and still less understood. Those of us raised on the real life crimes of John Wayne Gacy, Ed Gein and Fred West or their fictional counterparts have much more experience with fictional depictions of deranged murderers than anyone in 1943. Serial killers have become one of our quintessential bogeymen and have been extensively studied by criminologists and forensic psychologists. We take it for granted that there are those who, through a combination of disposition and childhood trauma, kill for pleasure or to fill some void inside themselves. When we see these individuals on screen we have a narrative all mapped out for them (wildly inaccurate though that narrative might be). In the Leopard Man the killer is ultimately revealed to have been driven mad by the first killing, the only one actually committed by the leopard. It got into his head somehow and drove him to act out homicidal urges. It feels a strange, unsatisfying conclusion for the film to reach because we have our own internalised folk myth of how serial killers are made and we know, or think we know, that people do not just go mad and start killing people apropos of nothing. This sense of crudeness, of a narrative structure still in development drains the film of some of its impact.

Despite these weaknesses I enjoyed watching The Leopard Man. Tourneur’s direction is skilled and the film looks a lot better than it has any right to, considering how cheaply it was made. The film climaxes with a mysterious religious procession through the town which manages to be eerie and evocative despite mainly being heard rather than seen. The mournful song of the procession is a funeral dirge which concentrates the mind on death. It’s a very effective technique. The lighting during the climax is splendid with the heroine encouraging the murderer to turn out the lights, claiming he will be better able to see the parade through the window, but knowing all the time that the darkness will trigger his murderous impulses. The acting is fair to good and the dialogue has that marvellous B-movie charm where people bark exposition at each other in well-mannered staccato bursts. The scene where Jerry explains to Kiki that his poor upbringing has left him believing he needs to show a hard exterior to the world takes only fractionally longer to unfold on screen than the reading of this sentence.

The killings themselves are not particularly graphic, even by the standards of 1940s cinema. The camera is concerned with the set up to the murders, the darkness and the terror which precedes the final act of homicide. The first victim we hear rather than see, killed on the wrong side of her own front door while her domineering mother and her younger brother struggle to open it. The second is killed in a graveyard; we know her fate is sealed as soon as she goes in to meet secretly with a boyfriend, a fatal error in any murder narrative. The final victim is killed in the street in a short sequence with heavy overtones of Jack the Ripper. All three scenes are shot through with a fatalistic quality but enlivened through judicious use of the infamous Lewton Bus technique, an incredibly common horror trope whereby a sudden scare that interrupts a tense scene is revealed to be from an innocuous source (such as a passing bus). Now it seems hackneyed, although still very much in use. Back in 1943 when it was brand new, it must have ramped the tension up to unbearable levels.

Perhaps the best scenes in The Leopard Man are early on when we are still feeling our way through the plot and being tossed the odd red herring. It opens with Kiki in her dressing room preparing to go out, talking with one of the matchbox girls. There is tension early on between Kiki and Clo-Clo, a vibrant and passionate flamenco dancer who is the star attraction of the club whom Kiki is scheming to upstage. When the leopard escapes it initially feels like just another complicating factor in the lives of the characters rather than the key event which will shape the film. Clo-Clo, superbly played by enigmatically monikered Mexican actress Margo, is the most interesting character in the film. She instinctively plays with a set of castanets as she walks and has an almost constant sense of motion even when standing still. She has some of the best moments in the first half of the film, particularly in her interactions with a fortune teller friend. These interactions are pregnant with doom: the fortune teller keeps seeing the same card – the death card – in her readings, and this repeating motif inculcates a potent sense of unease into the early stages of the film before the bodies have started to pile up. They also cleverly raise the possibility of a supernatural element to the film; another red herring, but one which adds to the complexity of the narrative. The female cast and characters are noticeably stronger than the male in The Leopard Man and are unusually prominent in the action, especially early in the film. It’s depressing that this still stands out as unusual, even seventy years after the film was made. Male characters still get about 70% of the screen time in Hollywood.

It’s harder to recommend The Leopard Man as essential viewing than either Cat People or I Walked With a Zombie, both of which have more psychological depth, but it is a neat example of what a B-movie can be when it chafes at the edges of its remit and understands that horrible events have greater power when they cut through an existing narrative. It’s also an interesting attempt to deal realistically with serial killers before they became the unstoppable pop culture phenomenon currently infesting every screen in sight.